We study the railway from several different perspectives, with a focus on increasing its capacity and punctuality. The group's starting point is that climate change is our generation's major challenge, and the transport sector accounts for approximately one third of emissions. The railway is a green and high-capacity means of transport that has great potential to make a positive contribution to the transition to a fossil-free and energy-efficient society. However, two major challenges for the sector are 1) the capacity utilisation is high, so that it is difficult to accommodate the transfer that would be desirable, and 2) that the punctuality and reliability of rail transport is too low, limiting demand on both passenger and freight transport by rail. Our work therefore focuses on meeting these challenges by 1) creating or releasing more capacity, and 2) increasing the punctuality and reliability of railways. Our funding mainly comes from the Swedish Transport Administration, K2, Vinnova, and the EU.