In my dissertation project, I look at how Pentecostals – the biggest group of conscientious objectors in 20th century Sweden – motivated their nonviolent stance and how it related to masculinity norms. By analysing interrogation protocols stored at the War Archive in Stockholm as well as Pentecostal publications between 1966 and 1995, I hope to provide a better understanding of why so many Pentecostals chose to bear arms even though few pastors seem to have been preaching pacifism during this period.