In my PhD I study how farmland can be designed to benefit both agricultural production and biodiversity. I analyze different strategies of nature conservation and how to form policy instruments, such as taxes and subsidies, to promote land management that cost-effectively preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. I particularly focus on situations where there are synergies or conflicts between different conservation goals. For instance, one type of land management may benefit threatened species and pollination services, another water purification and carbon sequestration. I.e. when is either kind of land management preferable?