Foreign Policies of European Union Member States

The Foreign Policies of European Union Member States is a long-running international research collaboration led by Amelia Hadfield (University of Surrey), Richard Whitman (University of Kent), and Ian Manners (Lund University) since the 1990s.
The current research focus of the project is the comparative analysis of European states foreign policies leading to the publication of the third edition of the best-selling book, the Foreign Policies of European Union Member States.
The third edition is built around three innovations in the purpose, organisation, and analytical framework of research in this field -
[1] Purpose: the purpose of the research is to understand what foreign policy cooperation, differentiation, or alignment is taking place; and to theoretically explain why these foreign policy patterns are happening.
[2] Organisation: the research is organised to address the shifting patterns of foreign policy relations between EU member states that are cooperating within the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO); differentiating EU member states that are either non-NATO or non-PESCO; and non-EU European states that align with EU FP, but are not members.
[3] Analytical framework: the theoretical framework analyses how and why classical and critical theories of European (dis)integration and Europeanisation interact with the accelerating challenges to EU foreign policies in planetary policies found in theories of military coercion, economic hegemony, and normative empowerment.