Gluten reduction after infancy and risk of celiac disease study (GRAIN)

Timing of gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration have previously been proposed to influence risk for celiac disease. However, based on the results from the multinational birth cohort study, The Environmental determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, and other observational studies, timing of gluten introduction seems not associated with celiac disease in genetically at-risk children. Recently, we published data on children who participated in TEDDY that higher amount of gluten consumption before the age of 5 years increased the risk for celiac disease. Optimal amounts of gluten to be introduced during weaning have not yet been established. We aim to study if a gluten-restricted diet (< 2 gram per day) will reduce the risk of develop CD in genetically predisposed children by the age of 5 years. In total, 2000 children in Skåne will be recruited and followed at research clinics affiliated with the research group.