Asymmetric influence of the amplitude-dependent tune shift on the transverse mode-coupling instability

At the 3 GeV ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, a fourth-generation ring-based synchrotron light source, an asymmetric influence of the sign of the amplitude-dependent tune shift (ADTS) on the transverse mode-coupling instability has been observed. Measurements of the instability, in dedicated single-bunch experiments at low chromaticity, revealed a significant dependence of the dynamics of the instability above threshold on the sign of the ADTS. While for a negative sign of the ADTS, the crossing of the instability does not lead to a loss of beam current, a positive sign results in the loss of 40% or more of the beam current at the threshold. In order to investigate the observed asymmetry, the systematic measurement of beam dynamics above the threshold has been conducted in combination with particle tracking simulations with mbtrack2 and theoretical calculations of the Landau damping due to the ADTS. The findings point toward an influence of the Landau damping in combination with the low synchrotron frequency, which indicates that this effect could become relevant in the future low-emittance electron storage rings.