Automating insect monitoring using unsupervised near-infrared sensors

Klas Rydhmer, Emily Bick, Laurence Still, Alfred Strand, Rubens Luciano, Salena Helmreich, Brittany D. Beck, Christoffer Grønne, Ludvig Malmros, Knud Poulsen, Frederik Elbæk, Mikkel Brydegaard, Jesper Lemmich, Thomas Nikolajsen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Insect monitoring is critical to improve our understanding and ability to preserve and restore biodiversity, sustainably produce crops, and reduce vectors of human and livestock disease. Conventional monitoring methods of trapping and identification are time consuming and thus expensive. Automation would significantly improve the state of the art. Here, we present a network of distributed wireless sensors that moves the field towards automation by recording backscattered near-infrared modulation signatures from insects. The instrument is a compact sensor based on dual-wavelength infrared light emitting diodes and is capable of unsupervised, autonomous long-term insect monitoring over weather and seasons. The sensor records the backscattered light at kHz pace from each insect transiting the measurement volume. Insect observations are automatically extracted and transmitted with environmental metadata over cellular connection to a cloud-based database. The recorded features include wing beat harmonics, melanisation and flight direction. To validate the sensor’s capabilities, we tested the correlation between daily insect counts from an oil seed rape field measured with six yellow water traps and six sensors during a 4-week period. A comparison of the methods found a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.61 and a p-value = 0.0065, with the sensors recording approximately 19 times more insect observations and demonstrating a larger temporal dynamic than conventional yellow water trap monitoring.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2603
JournalScientific Reports
Volume12
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Subject classification (UKÄ)

  • Signal Processing

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