beta 1 Integrin and alpha-dystroglycan binding sites are localized to different laminin-G-domain-like (LG) modules within the laminin alpha 5 chain G domain

Laminins are a group of extracellular-matrix proteins important in development and disease. They are heterotrimers, and specific domains in the different chains have specialized functions. The G domain of the alpha5 chain has now been produced in transfected mammalian cells as single modules and two tandem arrays, alpha5LG1-3 and alpha5LG4-5 (LG is laminin G domain-like.). Using these fragments we produced specific polyclonal antibodies functional in immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies and in solid-phase assays. Both alpha5LG tandem arrays had physiologically relevant affinities for sulphated ligands such as heparin and sulphatides. Cells adhered to these fragments and acquired a spread morphology when plated on a5LG1-3. Binding of integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 was localized to the alpha5LG1-3 modules, and a-dystroglycan binding was localized to the a5LG4-5 modules, thus locating these activities to different LG modules within the laminin a5 G domain. However, both these activities were of relatively low affinity, indicating that integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the laminin 10/11 alpha5G domain depends on contributions from the other chains of the heterotrimer and that high-affinity a-dystroglycan binding could be dependent on specific Ca2+-ion-co-ordinating amino acids absent from alpha5LG4-5.