Abstract
In the guinea pig basilar artery, acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were not significantly affected by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(ω)- nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 0.3 mM) or the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one; 1-10 μM), or by these inhibitors combined. However, acetylcholine (10μM) and A23187 (3 μM) each significantly increased the tissue level of cGMP in the absence but not in the presence of L-NOARG, suggesting that NO is released from the vascular endothelium in this blood vessel. Treatment with the potassium (K) channel inhibitors charybdotoxin (0.1 μM) plus apamin (0.1 μM), a toxin mixture previously shown to inhibit relaxations mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in this artery, had no effect on the A23187- induced relaxation but slightly inhibited the response to acetylcholine (E(max) was reduced by 24%). When the action of EDHF was prevented by these K channel inhibitors, the remaining relaxation was abolished by either ODQ (1 μM) or L-NOARG (0.3 mM), indicating that NO, apart from EDHF, contributes to the endothelium-dependent relaxations. Furthermore, ODQ (10 μM) abolished the relaxation induced by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Thus, activation of soluble guanylate cyclase seems to be the only mechanism through which NO causes relaxation in this artery. When vessels were exposed to grave hypoxia (pO2 = 6 mm Hg), the NO-mediated relaxation (induced by acetylcholine in the presence of charybdotoxin plus apamin) disappeared. In contrast, EDHF-mediated responses (elicited by acetylcholine in the presence of L-NOARG) were only marginally affected by hypoxia (E(max) was reduced by 16%). 17-Octadecynoic acid (50 μM) and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (10 μM), inhibitors ofcytochrome P450-dependent oxidation ofarachidonic acid, failed to inhibit the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the presence of L- NOARG. The cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolite 11,12- epoxyecosatrienoic acid (0.3-3.0 μM) had no relaxant effect per se. In conclusion, EDHF and NO are both mediators of endothelium-dependent relaxations in the guinea pig basilar artery. However, during grave hypoxia, EDHF alone mediates acetylcholine-induced relaxation. The results further suggest that EDHF is not a metabolite of arachidonic acid formed by cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase or generated by another oxygen-dependent enzyme in this artery.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 285-294 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of Vascular Research |
Volume | 35 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1998 Jul 1 |
Externally published | Yes |
Subject classification (UKÄ)
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
Free keywords
- Arachidonic acid
- Cerebral arteries
- Cyclic nucleotides
- Cytochrome P
- Hyperpolarization
- Hypoxia
- Membrane potential
- Vascular endothelium