Abstract
Though the concept of innovation systems has become influential in both academia and policy-making, an analytical approach to understanding innovation systems is still lacking. In particular, there is no analytical framework to measure 'Mode 1' and 'Mode 2' knowledge production. We propose a framework based on the proximity concept. Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production are characterized by collaborations with cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity, and distance, respectively. Using a gravity model approach we apply our framework to the case of type 2 diabetes research and provide a characterization of the global innovation system and a comparative analysis of the North American and European innovation systems. Our main results hold that although collaborative research on type 2 diabetes generally follows a logic of proximity and hence is not characterized as Mode 2, important differences and similarities exist between the North American and European innovation systems.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 530-548 |
Journal | Science and Public Policy |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
Subject classification (UKÄ)
- Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Free keywords
- mode 2 knowledge production
- collaboration
- co-publication
- diabetes
- triple helix
- network