@article{47d46024ce5f455b8101d0f23c890677,
title = "Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation",
abstract = "Considering the frequent use of mobile phones, we have directed attention to possible implications on cognitive functions. In this study we investigated in a rat model the long-term effects of protracted exposure to Global System for Mobile Communication-900 MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed for 2 h each week for 55 weeks to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation at different SAR levels (0.6 and 60 mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period) emitted by a (GSM-900) test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After this protracted exposure, GSM-900 exposed rats were compared to sham exposed controls. Effects on exploratory behaviour were evaluated in the open-field test, in which no difference was seen. Effects on cognitive functions were evaluated in the episodic-like memory test. In our study, GSM exposed rats had impaired memory for objects and their temporal order of presentation, compared to sham exposed controls (P = 0.02). Detecting the place in which an object was presented was not affected by GSM exposure. Our results suggest significantly reduced memory functions in rats after GSM microwave exposure (P = 0.02).",
keywords = "learning, open-field-test, memory, microwaves, episodic-like memory test, exploratory behaviour, anxiety",
author = "Henrietta Nittby and Gustav Grafstr{\"o}m and Dongping Tian and Lars Malmgren and Arne Brun and Persson, {Bertil R} and Leif Salford and Jacob Eberhardt",
note = "The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Neurosurgery (013026000), Radiation Physics, Lund (013034000), Max-laboratory (011012005), Pathology, (Lund) (013030000)",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1002/bem.20386",
language = "English",
volume = "29",
pages = "219--232",
journal = "Bioelectromagnetics",
issn = "0197-8462",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",
number = "3",
}