Abstract
Using a system analysis approach compares different systems for handling and treatment of
toilet waste and organic household waste. Design issues considered are source separation of
urine, use of vacuum toilets and advanced nutrient recovery processes such as Reverse Osmosis
(RO). All of the studied systems have low emissions of eutrophy ing compounds. Other environmental
effects are mainly related to the amount of exergy used at each system. Source
separating of urine is favourable if only a moderate (50 - 70 %) recycling potential for nutrients
such as N and K is required. However, if hi gher recycling potential is required systems using
nutrient recovery processes such as RO/evaporator are probably to prefer. For vacuum sy stems,
the maximum amounts of flush water must be below 10 lit/p,d to make them reasonable
efficient in terms of exergy consumption. The low-flush systems are less sensitive to the use of
flush water in terms of exergy consumption.
toilet waste and organic household waste. Design issues considered are source separation of
urine, use of vacuum toilets and advanced nutrient recovery processes such as Reverse Osmosis
(RO). All of the studied systems have low emissions of eutrophy ing compounds. Other environmental
effects are mainly related to the amount of exergy used at each system. Source
separating of urine is favourable if only a moderate (50 - 70 %) recycling potential for nutrients
such as N and K is required. However, if hi gher recycling potential is required systems using
nutrient recovery processes such as RO/evaporator are probably to prefer. For vacuum sy stems,
the maximum amounts of flush water must be below 10 lit/p,d to make them reasonable
efficient in terms of exergy consumption. The low-flush systems are less sensitive to the use of
flush water in terms of exergy consumption.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 759-766 |
| Publication status | Published - 2003 |
| Event | 2nd International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation - Luebeck, Germany Duration: 2003 Apr 7 → 2003 Apr 11 |
Conference
| Conference | 2nd International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | Germany |
| City | Luebeck |
| Period | 2003/04/07 → 2003/04/11 |
Subject classification (UKÄ)
- Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Free keywords
- nutrient recovery
- System analysis
- simulation
- blackwater
- toilet wastewater
- exergy
- organic household waste
- urine separation
