Deactivation and Characterization of SCR Catalysts Used in Municipal Waste Incineration Applications

Abstract: Catalysts used for selective catalytic reduction were deactivated for various times in a slipstream from a municipal solid waste incineration plant and then characterized. The activity for NO reduction with NH₃ was measured. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas were determined by N₂ adsorption from which the pore size distributions in the mesopore region were obtained. Micropore areas and volumes were also obtained. The composition of fresh and deactivated catalysts as well as fly ash was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The changes in surface area (8% decrease in BET surface area over 2311 h) and pore structure were small, while the change in activity was considerable. The apparent pre-exponential factor was 1.63 × 10⁵ (1/min) in the most deactivated catalyst, compared to 2.65 × 10⁶ (1/min) in the fresh catalyst, i.e. a reduction of 94%. The apparent activation energy for the fresh catalyst was 40 kJ/mol, decreasing to 27 kJ/mol with increasing deactivation. Characterization showed that catalytic poisoning is mainly due to decreased acidity of the catalyst caused due to increasing amounts of Na and K. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]