Do smart apps encourage tourists to walk and cycle? Comparing heavy versus non-heavy users of smart apps

Research on what makes people walk/cycle for tourism is significantly understudied in relation to smart app use among Asians. To bridge this gap, this work proposes and verifies an integrated research framework that includes environment and health factors, along with heavy versus non-heavy users of smart apps based on PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Public health has a positively significant impact on behavior on walking/cycling for tourism, followed by climate change mitigation, public green space, personal health, and air quality. Importantly, the heavy versus non-heavy users of smart apps on usefulness and knowledge have distinctively different solutions for tourist walking/cycling behavior.