TY - JOUR
T1 - Endogenous steroid hormone levels in early pregnancy and risk of testicular cancer in the offspring: A nested case-referent study
AU - Holl, Katsiaryna
AU - Lundin, Eva
AU - Surcel, Helja-Marja
AU - Grankvist, Kjell
AU - Koskela, Pentti
AU - Dillner, Joakim
AU - Hallmans, Goran
AU - Wadell, Goran
AU - Olafsdottir, Gudridur H.
AU - Ogmundsdottir, Helga M.
AU - Pukkala, Eero
AU - Lehtinen, Matti
AU - Stattin, Par
AU - Lukanova, Annekatrin
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - According to the leading hypothesis on testicular cancer (TC) etiology exposure to a specific pattern of steroid hormones in utero, in particular, to high levels of estrogens and low levels of androgens is the major determinant of TC risk in the offspring. We performed a case-referent study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of maternal endogenous steroid hormones with regard to the risk of TC. TC cases and referents were aged between 0 and 25 years. For each case-index mother pair, three or four matched referent-referent mother pairs Were identified using national population registries. First trimester or early second trimester sera were retrieved from the index mothers of 73 TC cases and 286 matched referent mothers, and were tested for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG,). Offspring of mothers with high DHEAS levels had a significantly decreased risk of TC (OR for highest vs. lowest DHEAS quartile, 0.18 (95% CI 0.06-0.58). In contrast, offspring of mothers With high androstenedione levels had ail increased risk of TC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.2-12.0). High maternal total estradiol level also tended to be associated with an increased risk of TC in the offspring (OR 32; 95% CI 0.98-1,090). We report the first direct evidence that interplay or maternal steroid hormones in the early pregnancy is important in the etiology of TC in the offspring. (C) 2009 UICC
AB - According to the leading hypothesis on testicular cancer (TC) etiology exposure to a specific pattern of steroid hormones in utero, in particular, to high levels of estrogens and low levels of androgens is the major determinant of TC risk in the offspring. We performed a case-referent study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of maternal endogenous steroid hormones with regard to the risk of TC. TC cases and referents were aged between 0 and 25 years. For each case-index mother pair, three or four matched referent-referent mother pairs Were identified using national population registries. First trimester or early second trimester sera were retrieved from the index mothers of 73 TC cases and 286 matched referent mothers, and were tested for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG,). Offspring of mothers with high DHEAS levels had a significantly decreased risk of TC (OR for highest vs. lowest DHEAS quartile, 0.18 (95% CI 0.06-0.58). In contrast, offspring of mothers With high androstenedione levels had ail increased risk of TC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.2-12.0). High maternal total estradiol level also tended to be associated with an increased risk of TC in the offspring (OR 32; 95% CI 0.98-1,090). We report the first direct evidence that interplay or maternal steroid hormones in the early pregnancy is important in the etiology of TC in the offspring. (C) 2009 UICC
KW - offspring
KW - testicular cancer
KW - early pregnancy
KW - endogenous steroid hormones
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.24312
DO - 10.1002/ijc.24312
M3 - Article
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 124
SP - 2923
EP - 2928
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 12
ER -
