Energy saving potential for integrated daylighting and electric lighting design via user-driven solutions: A literature review.

Measures for the reduction of electric energy loads for lighting have predominantly focussed on increasing the efficiency of lighting systems. This efficiency has now reached levels unthinkable a few decades ago. However, a focus on mere efficiency is physically limiting, and does not necessarily ensure that the anticipated energy savings actually materialise. This paper presents a literature survey aimed at identifying control strategies and user behaviours leading to a reduction in lighting energy use. Whenever possible, the strategies and behaviours discussed are supported by quantitative data. This survey is part of a more extensive review of the potential for reducing energy use through the integrated design of daylight and electric lighting and their control systems. It concludes with identifying key aspects for lighting control decisions with respect to daylight use, control strategies, control interfaces, feedback systems, rebound effects and social norms regarding user behaviour and makes recommendations for further research.