Enzyme based amperometric biosensors

Current research on enzyme based electrochemical biosensors deals essentially with the same target analytes as was at focus in the early days of biosensor research, that is those within the clinical/medical, food/agriculture, and environmental fields [1^•–13]. However, there has been substantial progress through the years and progress continues, as resumed in Figure 1A. One of the major differences is that (bio)electrochemists finally seem to start to understand what kind of molecules they deal with, that is with biological molecules and vice versa, biochemists, (micro)biologists start to become interested in (bio)electrochemistry. This is clearly shown for example in the recent very intense research on biofuel cells [14–26] and lately also on biosupercapacitors [27] that has absolutely had a great influence on current research on enzyme based biosensors and bioelectrochemistry as a whole.