@inproceedings{271c63fef21c411094bfa6a457247ce3,
title = "Evacuation in Underground Rail Transportation Systems: A Summary of the Findings of the METRO Project",
abstract = "The paper presents the major findings from the three evacuation experiments being part of the Swedish METRO research project. In the evacuation experiments; the small, medium and full-scale experiments, investigations were carried out with the purpose to study how train passengers safely can be evacuated in case of a fire emergency. In addition to determine flow rates, the walking velocity and walking patterns were determined for in a smokefilled environment and in non-smoke conditions. It was also concluded that the introduction of a loudspeaker above the emergency exit, which broadcasted an alternating alarm signal and pre-recorded voice message, was successful.The reader is referred to the original publications for more details on experimental procedures, research findings and recommendations for projects.",
keywords = "metro, train, underground rail transportation systems, smoke, movement, human behaviour in fire, flow rate of people, walking speed, evacuation",
author = "Karl Fridolf and H{\aa}kan Frantzich",
year = "2014",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-91-87461-52-1",
publisher = "SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden",
pages = "485--494",
editor = "Anders L{\"o}nnermark and Hukur Ingason",
booktitle = "Proceedings from the Sixth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security, Marseille, France, March 12-14, 2014",
note = "Sixth International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security ; Conference date: 12-03-2014",
}