Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter

K. Makonyi; K. Marcks von Wurtemberg; P. -E. Tegner; Kurt Hansen; Lennart Isaksson; Magnus Lundin; Bent Schröder; L. Balkestahl; K. Fransson; T. Johansson; C. Rosenbaum; M. Wolke; W. Erni; I. Keshelashvili; B. Krushe

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter

K. Makonyi, K. Marcks von Wurtemberg, P. -E. Tegner, Kurt Hansen, Lennart Isaksson, Magnus Lundin, Bent Schröder, L. Balkestahl, K. Fransson, T. Johansson, C. Rosenbaum, M. Wolke, W. Erni, I. Keshelashvili, B. Krushe

MAX IV Laboratory

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this work properties of a vacuum phototriode (VPT) and preamplifier unit designed for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PANDA experiment being built at FAIR are investigated. With the use of lead tungstate and lanthanium bromide scintillators the VPT properties are studied at low photon energies, from tens of key in the lanthanium bromide measurements and between 10 MeV and 60 MeV in the lead tungstate measurements. At these energies the noise of the VPT unit can be expected to influence its performance significantly. It is shown that the noise contribution to the measured energy resolution, under optimal conditions, is consistent with a fluctuation of (one standard deviation) approximately 200 electrons at the VPT anode. For a lead tungstate crystal this is equivalent to a noise of 1.2 MeV. For lanthanium bromide this makes it possible to use VPTs for gamma ray spectroscopy above a few hundreds of keV without noticeable effects on the energy resolution compared to measurements with a standard photomultiplier. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	36-43
Journal	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment
Volume	763
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083
Publication status	Published - 2014

Subject classification (UKÄ)

Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation

Free keywords

Vacuum phototriodes
Lead tungstate
Electromagnetic calorimeter
PANDA
Tagged photons
Lanthanium bromide

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10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

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Makonyi, K., von Wurtemberg, K. M., Tegner, P. .-E., Hansen, K., Isaksson, L., Lundin, M., Schröder, B., Balkestahl, L., Fransson, K., Johansson, T., Rosenbaum, C., Wolke, M., Erni, W., Keshelashvili, I., & Krushe, B. (2014). Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, 763, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

@article{18e486e2fb894e53801d54d1bed19a4d,

title = "Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter",

abstract = "In this work properties of a vacuum phototriode (VPT) and preamplifier unit designed for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PANDA experiment being built at FAIR are investigated. With the use of lead tungstate and lanthanium bromide scintillators the VPT properties are studied at low photon energies, from tens of key in the lanthanium bromide measurements and between 10 MeV and 60 MeV in the lead tungstate measurements. At these energies the noise of the VPT unit can be expected to influence its performance significantly. It is shown that the noise contribution to the measured energy resolution, under optimal conditions, is consistent with a fluctuation of (one standard deviation) approximately 200 electrons at the VPT anode. For a lead tungstate crystal this is equivalent to a noise of 1.2 MeV. For lanthanium bromide this makes it possible to use VPTs for gamma ray spectroscopy above a few hundreds of keV without noticeable effects on the energy resolution compared to measurements with a standard photomultiplier. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",

keywords = "Vacuum phototriodes, Lead tungstate, Electromagnetic calorimeter, PANDA, Tagged photons, Lanthanium bromide",

author = "K. Makonyi and {von Wurtemberg}, {K. Marcks} and Tegner, {P. -E.} and Kurt Hansen and Lennart Isaksson and Magnus Lundin and Bent Schr{\"o}der and L. Balkestahl and K. Fransson and T. Johansson and C. Rosenbaum and M. Wolke and W. Erni and I. Keshelashvili and B. Krushe",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083",

language = "English",

volume = "763",

pages = "36--43",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0167-5087",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Makonyi, K, von Wurtemberg, KM, Tegner, P-E, Hansen, K, Isaksson, L, Lundin, M, Schröder, B, Balkestahl, L, Fransson, K, Johansson, T, Rosenbaum, C, Wolke, M, Erni, W, Keshelashvili, I & Krushe, B 2014, 'Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter', Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, vol. 763, pp. 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter. / Makonyi, K.; von Wurtemberg, K. Marcks; Tegner, P. -E. et al.
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment, Vol. 763, 2014, p. 36-43.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter

AU - Makonyi, K.

AU - von Wurtemberg, K. Marcks

AU - Tegner, P. -E.

AU - Hansen, Kurt

AU - Isaksson, Lennart

AU - Lundin, Magnus

AU - Schröder, Bent

AU - Balkestahl, L.

AU - Fransson, K.

AU - Johansson, T.

AU - Rosenbaum, C.

AU - Wolke, M.

AU - Erni, W.

AU - Keshelashvili, I.

AU - Krushe, B.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - In this work properties of a vacuum phototriode (VPT) and preamplifier unit designed for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PANDA experiment being built at FAIR are investigated. With the use of lead tungstate and lanthanium bromide scintillators the VPT properties are studied at low photon energies, from tens of key in the lanthanium bromide measurements and between 10 MeV and 60 MeV in the lead tungstate measurements. At these energies the noise of the VPT unit can be expected to influence its performance significantly. It is shown that the noise contribution to the measured energy resolution, under optimal conditions, is consistent with a fluctuation of (one standard deviation) approximately 200 electrons at the VPT anode. For a lead tungstate crystal this is equivalent to a noise of 1.2 MeV. For lanthanium bromide this makes it possible to use VPTs for gamma ray spectroscopy above a few hundreds of keV without noticeable effects on the energy resolution compared to measurements with a standard photomultiplier. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AB - In this work properties of a vacuum phototriode (VPT) and preamplifier unit designed for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the PANDA experiment being built at FAIR are investigated. With the use of lead tungstate and lanthanium bromide scintillators the VPT properties are studied at low photon energies, from tens of key in the lanthanium bromide measurements and between 10 MeV and 60 MeV in the lead tungstate measurements. At these energies the noise of the VPT unit can be expected to influence its performance significantly. It is shown that the noise contribution to the measured energy resolution, under optimal conditions, is consistent with a fluctuation of (one standard deviation) approximately 200 electrons at the VPT anode. For a lead tungstate crystal this is equivalent to a noise of 1.2 MeV. For lanthanium bromide this makes it possible to use VPTs for gamma ray spectroscopy above a few hundreds of keV without noticeable effects on the energy resolution compared to measurements with a standard photomultiplier. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KW - Vacuum phototriodes

KW - Lead tungstate

KW - Electromagnetic calorimeter

KW - PANDA

KW - Tagged photons

KW - Lanthanium bromide

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.083

M3 - Article

SN - 0167-5087

VL - 763

SP - 36

EP - 43

JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment

ER -

Evaluating vacuum phototriodes designed for the PANDA electromagnetic calorimeter

Abstract

Subject classification (UKÄ)

Free keywords

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