Initiation of ventilation, surfactant treatment, and lung function after preterm birth

Lars Björklund

Initiation of ventilation, surfactant treatment, and lung function after preterm birth

Paediatrics (Lund)

Research output: Thesis › Doctoral Thesis (compilation)

Abstract

The thesis investigates lung function and the effects of rescue surfactant treatment in mechanically ventilated preterm human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the effects of ventilation at birth on the response to surfactant supplementation in preterm lambs. To assess lung function, the author recorded static pressure-volume (P-V) curves during passive deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to ambient pressure and measured end-expiratory lung volume (FRC) during mechanical ventilation by tracer gas washout. Compared with air-ventilated infants, mechanically ventilated infants with early, severe RDS had a markedly reduced TLC, mainly because of a reduction in amplitude of the P-V curve (low inspiratory capacity, IC). In addition, dynamic compliance was lower than normal, the P-V curves were less steep at low pressures, and FRC was reduced. Rescue surfactant caused an immediate increase in deflation stability of the lungs resulting in a moderate increase in FRC at 5 cm H2O PEEP, but no significant change in TLC. Dynamic compliance was unchanged early after surfactant, but two measures of static compliance, viz. the volume change of the lungs between peak inspiratory pressure and zero pressure and the steepest slope of the P-V curve, increased significantly. In preterm lambs, delivered by caesarean section, manual ventilation with six large breaths at birth (inflation volumes approximately 30-40 mL/kg and plateau pressures 50-70 cm H2O) completely obliterated the lung mechanical effect of rescue surfactant given at 30 min of age. Compared with preterm lambs given prophylactic surfactant before the first breath, lambs given five lung inflations (8, 16, or 32 mL/kg) just before surfactant had a reduced lung mechanical response that correlated to the size of lung inflations at birth. There was also a negative correlation between the size of inflations at birth and alveolar expansion in histologic sections. Surfactant given before the first breath did not fully protect against the adverse effect of large lung inflations (16 mL/kg) if these were given immediately after surfactant. However, no negative effect was seen from large lung inflations given at 10 min of age or later. In summary, the main characteristic of severe RDS is a profound loss of lung volume, and this is not immediately corrected by rescue surfactant treatment. In preterm lambs, there is a short period early after birth, presumably before lung liquid has cleared, when the lung is sensitive to large inflations.

Original language	English
Qualification	Doctor
Awarding Institution	Paediatrics (Lund)
Supervisors/Advisors	Werner, Olof, Supervisor
Award date	2005 Nov 10
Publisher	Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University
ISBN (Print)	91-85439-96-7
Publication status	Published - 2005

Bibliographical note

Defence details

Date: 2005-11-10
Time: 13:00
Place: Rune Grubbsalen, BMC, Sölvegatan 19, Lund

External reviewer(s)

Name: Jobe, Alan
Title: Professor
Affiliation: Cincinnati Children´s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

---

<div class="article_info">CT Vilstrup, LJ Björklund, O Werner and A Larsson. 1996. Lung volumes and pressure-volume relations of the respiratory system in small ventilated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res, vol 39 pp 127-133.</div>
<div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, CT Vilstrup, A Larsson, NW Svenningsen and O Werner. 1996. Changes in lung volume and static expiratory pressure-volume diagram after surfactant rescue treatment of neonates with established respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 154 pp 918-923.</div>
<div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, J John, B Robertson, O Werner and CT Vilstrup. 1997. Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent surfactant replacement in immature lambs. Pediatr Res, vol 42 pp 348-355.</div>
<div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2001. Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, vol 45 pp 986-993.</div>
<div class="article_info">J Ingimarsson, LJ Björklund, T Curstedt, S Gudmundsson, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2004. Incomplete protection by prophylactic surfactant against the adverse effects of large lung inflations at birth in immature lambs. Intensive Care Med, vol 30 pp 1446-1453.</div>

Subject classification (UKÄ)

Pediatrics

Free keywords

Respiration
Artificial
Pediatrics
Pediatri
Respiratory Function Tests
Pulmonary Surfactants
Newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Infant
Premature
Animals

Cite this

@phdthesis{a2e87e4e41f04cb9895fd4194d0048e0,

title = "Initiation of ventilation, surfactant treatment, and lung function after preterm birth",

abstract = "The thesis investigates lung function and the effects of rescue surfactant treatment in mechanically ventilated preterm human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the effects of ventilation at birth on the response to surfactant supplementation in preterm lambs. To assess lung function, the author recorded static pressure-volume (P-V) curves during passive deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to ambient pressure and measured end-expiratory lung volume (FRC) during mechanical ventilation by tracer gas washout. Compared with air-ventilated infants, mechanically ventilated infants with early, severe RDS had a markedly reduced TLC, mainly because of a reduction in amplitude of the P-V curve (low inspiratory capacity, IC). In addition, dynamic compliance was lower than normal, the P-V curves were less steep at low pressures, and FRC was reduced. Rescue surfactant caused an immediate increase in deflation stability of the lungs resulting in a moderate increase in FRC at 5 cm H2O PEEP, but no significant change in TLC. Dynamic compliance was unchanged early after surfactant, but two measures of static compliance, viz. the volume change of the lungs between peak inspiratory pressure and zero pressure and the steepest slope of the P-V curve, increased significantly. In preterm lambs, delivered by caesarean section, manual ventilation with six large breaths at birth (inflation volumes approximately 30-40 mL/kg and plateau pressures 50-70 cm H2O) completely obliterated the lung mechanical effect of rescue surfactant given at 30 min of age. Compared with preterm lambs given prophylactic surfactant before the first breath, lambs given five lung inflations (8, 16, or 32 mL/kg) just before surfactant had a reduced lung mechanical response that correlated to the size of lung inflations at birth. There was also a negative correlation between the size of inflations at birth and alveolar expansion in histologic sections. Surfactant given before the first breath did not fully protect against the adverse effect of large lung inflations (16 mL/kg) if these were given immediately after surfactant. However, no negative effect was seen from large lung inflations given at 10 min of age or later. In summary, the main characteristic of severe RDS is a profound loss of lung volume, and this is not immediately corrected by rescue surfactant treatment. In preterm lambs, there is a short period early after birth, presumably before lung liquid has cleared, when the lung is sensitive to large inflations.",

keywords = "Respiration, Artificial, Pediatrics, Pediatri, Respiratory Function Tests, Pulmonary Surfactants, Newborn, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Infant, Premature, Animals",

author = "Lars Bj{\"o}rklund",

note = "Defence details Date: 2005-11-10 Time: 13:00 Place: Rune Grubbsalen, BMC, S{\"o}lvegatan 19, Lund External reviewer(s) Name: Jobe, Alan Title: Professor Affiliation: Cincinnati Children´s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA --- <div class={"}article_info{"}>CT Vilstrup, LJ Bj{\"o}rklund, O Werner and A Larsson. 1996. Lung volumes and pressure-volume relations of the respiratory system in small ventilated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res, vol 39 pp 127-133.</div> <div class={"}article_info{"}>LJ Bj{\"o}rklund, CT Vilstrup, A Larsson, NW Svenningsen and O Werner. 1996. Changes in lung volume and static expiratory pressure-volume diagram after surfactant rescue treatment of neonates with established respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 154 pp 918-923.</div> <div class={"}article_info{"}>LJ Bj{\"o}rklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, J John, B Robertson, O Werner and CT Vilstrup. 1997. Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent surfactant replacement in immature lambs. Pediatr Res, vol 42 pp 348-355.</div> <div class={"}article_info{"}>LJ Bj{\"o}rklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2001. Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, vol 45 pp 986-993.</div> <div class={"}article_info{"}>J Ingimarsson, LJ Bj{\"o}rklund, T Curstedt, S Gudmundsson, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2004. Incomplete protection by prophylactic surfactant against the adverse effects of large lung inflations at birth in immature lambs. Intensive Care Med, vol 30 pp 1446-1453.</div>",

year = "2005",

language = "English",

isbn = "91-85439-96-7",

series = "Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series ",

publisher = "Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University",

type = "Doctoral Thesis (compilation)",

school = "Paediatrics (Lund)",

}

TY - THES

T1 - Initiation of ventilation, surfactant treatment, and lung function after preterm birth

AU - Björklund, Lars

N1 - Defence details Date: 2005-11-10 Time: 13:00 Place: Rune Grubbsalen, BMC, Sölvegatan 19, Lund External reviewer(s) Name: Jobe, Alan Title: Professor Affiliation: Cincinnati Children´s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA --- <div class="article_info">CT Vilstrup, LJ Björklund, O Werner and A Larsson. 1996. Lung volumes and pressure-volume relations of the respiratory system in small ventilated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res, vol 39 pp 127-133.</div> <div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, CT Vilstrup, A Larsson, NW Svenningsen and O Werner. 1996. Changes in lung volume and static expiratory pressure-volume diagram after surfactant rescue treatment of neonates with established respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 154 pp 918-923.</div> <div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, J John, B Robertson, O Werner and CT Vilstrup. 1997. Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent surfactant replacement in immature lambs. Pediatr Res, vol 42 pp 348-355.</div> <div class="article_info">LJ Björklund, J Ingimarsson, T Curstedt, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2001. Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, vol 45 pp 986-993.</div> <div class="article_info">J Ingimarsson, LJ Björklund, T Curstedt, S Gudmundsson, A Larsson, B Robertson and O Werner. 2004. Incomplete protection by prophylactic surfactant against the adverse effects of large lung inflations at birth in immature lambs. Intensive Care Med, vol 30 pp 1446-1453.</div>

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - The thesis investigates lung function and the effects of rescue surfactant treatment in mechanically ventilated preterm human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the effects of ventilation at birth on the response to surfactant supplementation in preterm lambs. To assess lung function, the author recorded static pressure-volume (P-V) curves during passive deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to ambient pressure and measured end-expiratory lung volume (FRC) during mechanical ventilation by tracer gas washout. Compared with air-ventilated infants, mechanically ventilated infants with early, severe RDS had a markedly reduced TLC, mainly because of a reduction in amplitude of the P-V curve (low inspiratory capacity, IC). In addition, dynamic compliance was lower than normal, the P-V curves were less steep at low pressures, and FRC was reduced. Rescue surfactant caused an immediate increase in deflation stability of the lungs resulting in a moderate increase in FRC at 5 cm H2O PEEP, but no significant change in TLC. Dynamic compliance was unchanged early after surfactant, but two measures of static compliance, viz. the volume change of the lungs between peak inspiratory pressure and zero pressure and the steepest slope of the P-V curve, increased significantly. In preterm lambs, delivered by caesarean section, manual ventilation with six large breaths at birth (inflation volumes approximately 30-40 mL/kg and plateau pressures 50-70 cm H2O) completely obliterated the lung mechanical effect of rescue surfactant given at 30 min of age. Compared with preterm lambs given prophylactic surfactant before the first breath, lambs given five lung inflations (8, 16, or 32 mL/kg) just before surfactant had a reduced lung mechanical response that correlated to the size of lung inflations at birth. There was also a negative correlation between the size of inflations at birth and alveolar expansion in histologic sections. Surfactant given before the first breath did not fully protect against the adverse effect of large lung inflations (16 mL/kg) if these were given immediately after surfactant. However, no negative effect was seen from large lung inflations given at 10 min of age or later. In summary, the main characteristic of severe RDS is a profound loss of lung volume, and this is not immediately corrected by rescue surfactant treatment. In preterm lambs, there is a short period early after birth, presumably before lung liquid has cleared, when the lung is sensitive to large inflations.

AB - The thesis investigates lung function and the effects of rescue surfactant treatment in mechanically ventilated preterm human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the effects of ventilation at birth on the response to surfactant supplementation in preterm lambs. To assess lung function, the author recorded static pressure-volume (P-V) curves during passive deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to ambient pressure and measured end-expiratory lung volume (FRC) during mechanical ventilation by tracer gas washout. Compared with air-ventilated infants, mechanically ventilated infants with early, severe RDS had a markedly reduced TLC, mainly because of a reduction in amplitude of the P-V curve (low inspiratory capacity, IC). In addition, dynamic compliance was lower than normal, the P-V curves were less steep at low pressures, and FRC was reduced. Rescue surfactant caused an immediate increase in deflation stability of the lungs resulting in a moderate increase in FRC at 5 cm H2O PEEP, but no significant change in TLC. Dynamic compliance was unchanged early after surfactant, but two measures of static compliance, viz. the volume change of the lungs between peak inspiratory pressure and zero pressure and the steepest slope of the P-V curve, increased significantly. In preterm lambs, delivered by caesarean section, manual ventilation with six large breaths at birth (inflation volumes approximately 30-40 mL/kg and plateau pressures 50-70 cm H2O) completely obliterated the lung mechanical effect of rescue surfactant given at 30 min of age. Compared with preterm lambs given prophylactic surfactant before the first breath, lambs given five lung inflations (8, 16, or 32 mL/kg) just before surfactant had a reduced lung mechanical response that correlated to the size of lung inflations at birth. There was also a negative correlation between the size of inflations at birth and alveolar expansion in histologic sections. Surfactant given before the first breath did not fully protect against the adverse effect of large lung inflations (16 mL/kg) if these were given immediately after surfactant. However, no negative effect was seen from large lung inflations given at 10 min of age or later. In summary, the main characteristic of severe RDS is a profound loss of lung volume, and this is not immediately corrected by rescue surfactant treatment. In preterm lambs, there is a short period early after birth, presumably before lung liquid has cleared, when the lung is sensitive to large inflations.

KW - Respiration

KW - Artificial

KW - Pediatrics

KW - Pediatri

KW - Respiratory Function Tests

KW - Pulmonary Surfactants

KW - Newborn

KW - Respiratory Distress Syndrome

KW - Infant

KW - Premature

KW - Animals

M3 - Doctoral Thesis (compilation)

SN - 91-85439-96-7

T3 - Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series

PB - Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University

ER -

Initiation of ventilation, surfactant treatment, and lung function after preterm birth

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Subject classification (UKÄ)

Free keywords

Fingerprint

Cite this