Multiple independent origins of intermediate species between Sorbus aucuparia and S. hybrida (Rosaceae) in the Baltic region

Joel Levin, Michael F. Fay, Jaume Pellicer, Mikael Hedrén

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Abstract

Populations intermediate between the diploid and sexual Sorbus aucuparia and the tetraploid and facultative apomictic Sorbus hybrida are scattered in coastal regions of southern Scandinavia. Our aims were to investigate whether these populations were of local and independent origins, whether they were morphologically and molecularly distinct from each other and whether they could give rise to constant offspring by apomixis. Six intermediate populations from the Baltic Sea basin were studied for variation at nuclear and plastid microsatellite loci, for morphological differentiation patterns, and for ploidy level by flow cytometry. Seeds were sown to check for constancy with the mother plants. Three populations from Gotland and possibly the small population from Uppland were in each case fixed for a unique combination of genetic markers, had restricted variation in leaf shape and were morphologically divergent from each other. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the four genetically monomorphic populations were consistently triploid. Cultivation showed that offspring from trees within two of the monomorphic populations had leaf shapes closely similar to the mother individuals. In contrast, a population from Gotland and a population from Åland were variable at molecular marker loci and were variable in leaf shape. The three monomorphic Gotland populations and possibly also the Uppland population propagate asexually by apomixis, and they have independent origins. The two variable populations are apparently composed of hybrids that have been formed repeatedly and independently between individuals of the two parental species growing at the same sites. One of the Gotland apomicts has already been described as Sorbus teodori. Sorbus faohraei Hedrén & J.Levin and Sorbus atrata Hedrén & J.Levin are described as new apomictic species from Gotland.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere02035
JournalNordic Journal of Botany
Volume36
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

Subject classification (UKÄ)

  • Botany
  • Biological Systematics

Free keywords

  • agamospermy
  • apomixis
  • endemism
  • hybridization
  • microsatellites
  • Scandinavia
  • Sorbus atrata
  • Sorbus faohraei

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