Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute Functionalized with Bone Active Molecules for Enhanced Cranial Bone Regeneration

Arun Kumar Teotia, Deepak Bushan Raina, Chandan Singh, Neeraj Sinha, Hanna Isaksson, Magnus Tägil, Lars Lidgren, Ashok Kumar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and calcium sulfate bone substitute (NC) for cranioplasty. The NC was functionalized with low concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies included MTT, ALP assays, and fluorescent staining of Saos-2 (human osteoblasts) and MC3T3-E1 (murine preosteoblasts) cells cultured on NC. An in vivo study divided 20 male Wistar rats into four groups: control (defect only), NC, NC + ZA, and NC + ZA + rhBMP-2. The materials were implanted in an 8.5 mm critical size defect in the calvarium for 12 weeks. Micro-CT quantitative analysis was carried out in vivo at 8 weeks and ex vivo after 12 weeks. Mineralization was highest in the NC + ZA + rhBMP-2 group (13.0 ± 2.8 mm3) compared to the NC + ZA group (9.0 ± 3.2 mm3), NC group (6.4 ± 1.9 mm3), and control group (3.4 ± 1.0 mm3) after 12 weeks. Histological and spectroscopic analysis of the defect site provided a qualitative confirmation of neo-bone, which was in agreement with the micro-CT results. In conclusion, NC can be used as a carrier for bioactive molecules, and functionalization with rhBMP-2 and ZA in low doses enhances bone regeneration.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)6816-6828
Number of pages13
JournalACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Volume9
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2017 Mar 1

Subject classification (UKÄ)

  • Medical Materials

Free keywords

  • bisphosphonates
  • bone morphogenetic proteins
  • cranial model
  • nano-hydroxyapatite
  • osteoinductive
  • solid state NMR

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