OEIS complex--a population study

Using a novel method for the analysis of infants with multiple malformations, we investigated the cluster of associated malformations called the OEIS (omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, spine defect) complex among 5,260 infants with multiple malformations identified in four large registers of congenital malformations, corresponding to 5.84 million births. The existence of the OEIS complex was clearly demonstrated and malformations entering it could be defined. Other than the four classical malformations, omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spine malformation, a strong association with spina bifida and intersex was stressed. Spine malformations occurred not only in the lumbosacral level but also more cranially, and an association also with upper spina bifida could be demonstrated. No specific association with any other malformation, including cardiac defects, was apparent. The OEIS complex is an unusually clearly defined entity among the various nonrandom associations which have been described.