Preclinical models of levodopa-induced dyskinesia

L -DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents one of the major limitations in the current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) and affects the majority of PD patients. Animal models are the most important preclinical tool for molecular investigations of LID mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Over the last two decades, models of LID have been developed in both nonhuman primate and rodent species, recapitulating several aspects of the human dyskinesia. This chapter will review and compare the main features of the rodent and nonprimate models of LID currently available and summarize some of the main neurobiological fi ndings obtained from these models.