Prognostic significance of high hyperdiploid and tri-/tetraploid adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose To ascertain the clinical implications of high hyperdiploid (HH; 49-65 chromosomes) and tri-/tetraploid (TT; >65 chromosomes) adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), all such cases were retrieved from the Swedish AML Registry. Results Of the 3,654 cytogenetically informative cases diagnosed between January 1997 and May 2014, 68 (1.9%) were HH (n=50)/TT (n=18). Patients with HH/TT were older than those with intermediate risk (IR) AML (median 71 years versus 67 years; P = 0.042) and less often had de novo AML (63% versus 79%; P = 0.004); no such differences were observed between HH/TT and complex karyotype (CK) AML. The overall survival (OS) was similar between patients with HH/TT and CK AML (median 0.9 years versus 0.6 years; P = 0.082), whereas OS was significantly longer (median 1.6 years; P = 0.028) for IR AML. The OS was shorter for cases with HH than with TT (median 0.6 years versus 1.4 years; P = 0.032) and for HH/TT AMLs with adverse abnormalities (median 0.8 years versus 1.1 years; P = 0.044). Conclusions In conclusion, HH/TT AML is associated with a poor outcome, but chromosome numbers >65 and absence of adverse aberrations seem to translate into a more favorable prognosis. Thus, HH/TT AMLs are clinically heterogeneous and should not automatically be grouped as high risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.