TY - JOUR
T1 - Proton reduction by phosphinidene-capped triiron clusters
AU - Rahaman, Ahibur
AU - Lisensky, George C.
AU - Haukka, Matti
AU - Tocher, Derek A.
AU - Richmond, Michael G.
AU - Colbran, Stephen B.
AU - Nordlander, Ebbe
PY - 2021/6/21
Y1 - 2021/6/21
N2 - Bis(phosphinidene)-capped triiron carbonyl clusters, including electron rich derivatives formed by substitution with chelating diphosphines, have been prepared and examined as proton reduction catalysts. Treatment of the known cluster [Fe3(CO)9(µ3-PPh)2] (1) with various diphosphines in refluxing THF (for 5, refluxing toluene) afforded the new clusters [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppb)] (2), [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppv)] (3), [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppe)] (4) and [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(µ-κ2-dppf)] (5) in moderate yields, together with small amounts of the corresponding [Fe3(CO)8(µ3-PPh)2(κ1-Ph2PxPPh2)] cluster (x = -C4H6-, -C2H2-, -C2H4-, -C3H6-, -C5H4FeC5H4-). The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 5 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1–5 have been examined as proton reduction catalysts in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) in CH2Cl2. Cluster 1 exhibits two one-electron quasi-reversible reduction waves at –1.39 V (ΔE = 195 mV) and at –1.66 V (ΔE = 168 mV; potentials vs. Fc+/Fc). Upon addition of p-TsOH the unsubstituted cluster 1 shows a first catalytic wave at –1.57 V and two further proton reduction processes at –1.75 and –2.29 V, each with a good current response. The diphosphine-substituted derivatives of 1 are reduced at more negative potentials than the parent cluster 1. Clusters 2–4 each exhibit an oxidation at ca. +0.1 V and a reduction at ca. –1.6 V; for 4 conversion to a redox active successor species is seen upon both oxidation and reduction. Clusters 2–4 show catalytic waves in the presence of p-TsOH, with cluster 4 exhibiting the highest relative catalytic current (icat/i0 ≈ 57) in the presence of acid, albeit at a new third reduction process not observed for 2 and 3. Addition of the dppf ligand to the parent diphosphinidene cluster 1 gave cluster 5 which exhibited a single reduction process at –1.95 V and three oxidation processes, all at positive values as compared to 2–4. Cluster 5 showed only weak catalytic activity for proton reduction with p-TsOH. The bonding in 4 was investigated by DFT calculations, and the nature of the radical anion and dianion is discussed with respect to the electrochemical data.
AB - Bis(phosphinidene)-capped triiron carbonyl clusters, including electron rich derivatives formed by substitution with chelating diphosphines, have been prepared and examined as proton reduction catalysts. Treatment of the known cluster [Fe3(CO)9(µ3-PPh)2] (1) with various diphosphines in refluxing THF (for 5, refluxing toluene) afforded the new clusters [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppb)] (2), [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppv)] (3), [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(κ2-dppe)] (4) and [Fe3(CO)7(µ3-PPh)2(µ-κ2-dppf)] (5) in moderate yields, together with small amounts of the corresponding [Fe3(CO)8(µ3-PPh)2(κ1-Ph2PxPPh2)] cluster (x = -C4H6-, -C2H2-, -C2H4-, -C3H6-, -C5H4FeC5H4-). The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 5 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1–5 have been examined as proton reduction catalysts in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) in CH2Cl2. Cluster 1 exhibits two one-electron quasi-reversible reduction waves at –1.39 V (ΔE = 195 mV) and at –1.66 V (ΔE = 168 mV; potentials vs. Fc+/Fc). Upon addition of p-TsOH the unsubstituted cluster 1 shows a first catalytic wave at –1.57 V and two further proton reduction processes at –1.75 and –2.29 V, each with a good current response. The diphosphine-substituted derivatives of 1 are reduced at more negative potentials than the parent cluster 1. Clusters 2–4 each exhibit an oxidation at ca. +0.1 V and a reduction at ca. –1.6 V; for 4 conversion to a redox active successor species is seen upon both oxidation and reduction. Clusters 2–4 show catalytic waves in the presence of p-TsOH, with cluster 4 exhibiting the highest relative catalytic current (icat/i0 ≈ 57) in the presence of acid, albeit at a new third reduction process not observed for 2 and 3. Addition of the dppf ligand to the parent diphosphinidene cluster 1 gave cluster 5 which exhibited a single reduction process at –1.95 V and three oxidation processes, all at positive values as compared to 2–4. Cluster 5 showed only weak catalytic activity for proton reduction with p-TsOH. The bonding in 4 was investigated by DFT calculations, and the nature of the radical anion and dianion is discussed with respect to the electrochemical data.
KW - DFT
KW - Electrocatalysis
KW - Phosphinidine
KW - Proton reduction
KW - Triiron
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105116836&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121816
DO - 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121816
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105116836
SN - 0022-328X
VL - 943
JO - Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
JF - Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
M1 - 121816
ER -