TY - JOUR
T1 - Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
AU - Dossus, Laure
AU - Allen, Naomi
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Bakken, Kjersti
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
AU - Fournier, Agnes
AU - Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Schuetze, Madlen
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Krogh, Vittorio
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Mattiello, Amalia
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
AU - Peeters, Petra H. M.
AU - Dumeaux, Vanessa
AU - Redondo, Maria-Luisa
AU - Duell, Eric
AU - Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
AU - Arriola, Larraitz
AU - Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
AU - Ardanaz, Eva
AU - Manjer, Jonas
AU - Borgquist, Signe
AU - Lukanova, Annie
AU - Lundin, Eva
AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee
AU - Wareham, Nicholas
AU - Key, Tim
AU - Chajes, Veronique
AU - Rinaldi, Sabina
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Mouw, Traci
AU - Gallo, Valentina
AU - Riboli, Elio
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Endometrial cancer risk has been associated with reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first and last birth, time since last birth and use of oral contraceptives (OCs)]. However, these factors are closely interrelated and whether they act independently still requires clarification. We conducted a study to examine the association of menstrual and reproductive variables with the risk of endometrial cancer among the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Among the 302,618 women eligible for the study, 1,017 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with late menarche, early menopause, past OC use, high parity and a shorter time since last full-term pregnancy (FTP). No association was observed for duration of breast feeding after adjustment for number of FTP or for abortion (spontaneous or induced). After mutual adjustment, late age at menarche, early age at menopause and duration of OC use showed similar risk reductions of 7-8% per year of menstrual life, whereas the decreased risk associated with cumulative duration of FTPs was stronger (22% per year). In conclusion, our findings confirmed a reduction in risk of endometrial cancer with factors associated with a lower cumulative exposure to estrogen and/or higher exposure to progesterone, such as increasing number of FTPs and shorter menstrual lifespan and, therefore, support an important role of hormonal mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis.
AB - Endometrial cancer risk has been associated with reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first and last birth, time since last birth and use of oral contraceptives (OCs)]. However, these factors are closely interrelated and whether they act independently still requires clarification. We conducted a study to examine the association of menstrual and reproductive variables with the risk of endometrial cancer among the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Among the 302,618 women eligible for the study, 1,017 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with late menarche, early menopause, past OC use, high parity and a shorter time since last full-term pregnancy (FTP). No association was observed for duration of breast feeding after adjustment for number of FTP or for abortion (spontaneous or induced). After mutual adjustment, late age at menarche, early age at menopause and duration of OC use showed similar risk reductions of 7-8% per year of menstrual life, whereas the decreased risk associated with cumulative duration of FTPs was stronger (22% per year). In conclusion, our findings confirmed a reduction in risk of endometrial cancer with factors associated with a lower cumulative exposure to estrogen and/or higher exposure to progesterone, such as increasing number of FTPs and shorter menstrual lifespan and, therefore, support an important role of hormonal mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis.
KW - menopause
KW - menarche
KW - endometrial cancer
KW - parity
KW - oral contraceptive
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.25050
DO - 10.1002/ijc.25050
M3 - Article
C2 - 19924816
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 127
SP - 442
EP - 451
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 2
ER -
