TY - JOUR
T1 - Stable Peptide of the Endogenous Opioid Enkephalin Precursor and Breast Cancer Risk.
AU - Melander, Olle
AU - Orho-Melander, Marju
AU - Manjer, Jonas
AU - Svensson, Thomas
AU - Almgren, Peter
AU - Nilsson, Peter
AU - Engström, Gunnar
AU - Hedblad, Bo
AU - Borgquist, Signe
AU - Hartmann, Oliver
AU - Struck, Joachim
AU - Bergmann, Andreas
AU - Belting, Mattias
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - In experimental studies, enkephalins (ENKs) and related opioids have been implicated as negative regulators of breast cancer development by enhancing immune-mediated tumoral defense as well as directly inhibiting cancer cells. We hypothesized that plasma levels of ENKs are predictive of the long-term breast cancer risk. Therefore, our objective was to measure pro-ENK A, a surrogate for mature ENK, and evaluate its predictive value for the development of breast cancer in a large population of middle-aged women and an independent study population.
AB - In experimental studies, enkephalins (ENKs) and related opioids have been implicated as negative regulators of breast cancer development by enhancing immune-mediated tumoral defense as well as directly inhibiting cancer cells. We hypothesized that plasma levels of ENKs are predictive of the long-term breast cancer risk. Therefore, our objective was to measure pro-ENK A, a surrogate for mature ENK, and evaluate its predictive value for the development of breast cancer in a large population of middle-aged women and an independent study population.
U2 - 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.7682
DO - 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.7682
M3 - Article
C2 - 26169618
SN - 1527-7755
VL - 33
SP - 2632-U81
JO - Journal of Clinical Oncology
JF - Journal of Clinical Oncology
IS - 24
ER -