The design of a trimodal broadside antenna element for compact massive MIMO arrays: Utilizing the Theory of Characteristic Modes

Chi Yuk Chiu; Shanpu Shen; Buon Kiong Lau; Ross Murch

doi:10.1109/MAP.2019.2958515

The design of a trimodal broadside antenna element for compact massive MIMO arrays: Utilizing the Theory of Characteristic Modes

Chi Yuk Chiu, Shanpu Shen, Buon Kiong Lau, Ross Murch

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays are becoming critical elements in cellular base station infrastructure. We utilize the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) to design a novel tri-modal broadside antenna element which is suitable for the construction of compact massive MIMO
arrays. The proposed antenna element consists of three ports which is formed by reviewing an existing compact two-port Y-shaped patch antenna from a TCM perspective. Using this perspective the Y-shaped antenna is modiﬁed into a snowﬂake-shaped patch antenna and excited by three ports via capacitive coupling. The advantage of the design approach is that the size of the three-port antenna is approximately the same as a conventional dual-polarized patch antenna, hence allowing 50% more antenna elements for the same array aperture. By cutting the ground plane into a hexagonal shape, multiple of the proposed three-port canonical antennas are concatenated together to form 21- and 102-port massive MIMO arrays with all radiation patterns pointing in the broadside direction. Key performance characteristics of the massive MIMO arrays, such as
the Hermitian product of the simulated massive MIMO channel and mutual coupling, validate the effectiveness of the compact design.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	46-61
Number of pages	16
Journal	IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine
Volume	62
Issue number	6
Early online date	2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2019.2958515
Publication status	Published - 2020 Dec

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Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering

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10.1109/MAP.2019.2958515

APMag-R1_v18Accepted author manuscript, 10.8 MB

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title = "The design of a trimodal broadside antenna element for compact massive MIMO arrays: Utilizing the Theory of Characteristic Modes",

abstract = "Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays are becoming critical elements in cellular base station infrastructure. We utilize the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) to design a novel tri-modal broadside antenna element which is suitable for the construction of compact massive MIMO arrays. The proposed antenna element consists of three ports which is formed by reviewing an existing compact two-port Y-shaped patch antenna from a TCM perspective. Using this perspective the Y-shaped antenna is modiﬁed into a snowﬂake-shaped patch antenna and excited by three ports via capacitive coupling. The advantage of the design approach is that the size of the three-port antenna is approximately the same as a conventional dual-polarized patch antenna, hence allowing 50\% more antenna elements for the same array aperture. By cutting the ground plane into a hexagonal shape, multiple of the proposed three-port canonical antennas are concatenated together to form 21- and 102-port massive MIMO arrays with all radiation patterns pointing in the broadside direction. Key performance characteristics of the massive MIMO arrays, such as the Hermitian product of the simulated massive MIMO channel and mutual coupling, validate the effectiveness of the compact design.",

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year = "2020",

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AU - Shen, Shanpu

AU - Lau, Buon Kiong

AU - Murch, Ross

PY - 2020/12

Y1 - 2020/12

N2 - Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays are becoming critical elements in cellular base station infrastructure. We utilize the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) to design a novel tri-modal broadside antenna element which is suitable for the construction of compact massive MIMO arrays. The proposed antenna element consists of three ports which is formed by reviewing an existing compact two-port Y-shaped patch antenna from a TCM perspective. Using this perspective the Y-shaped antenna is modiﬁed into a snowﬂake-shaped patch antenna and excited by three ports via capacitive coupling. The advantage of the design approach is that the size of the three-port antenna is approximately the same as a conventional dual-polarized patch antenna, hence allowing 50% more antenna elements for the same array aperture. By cutting the ground plane into a hexagonal shape, multiple of the proposed three-port canonical antennas are concatenated together to form 21- and 102-port massive MIMO arrays with all radiation patterns pointing in the broadside direction. Key performance characteristics of the massive MIMO arrays, such as the Hermitian product of the simulated massive MIMO channel and mutual coupling, validate the effectiveness of the compact design.

AB - Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays are becoming critical elements in cellular base station infrastructure. We utilize the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) to design a novel tri-modal broadside antenna element which is suitable for the construction of compact massive MIMO arrays. The proposed antenna element consists of three ports which is formed by reviewing an existing compact two-port Y-shaped patch antenna from a TCM perspective. Using this perspective the Y-shaped antenna is modiﬁed into a snowﬂake-shaped patch antenna and excited by three ports via capacitive coupling. The advantage of the design approach is that the size of the three-port antenna is approximately the same as a conventional dual-polarized patch antenna, hence allowing 50% more antenna elements for the same array aperture. By cutting the ground plane into a hexagonal shape, multiple of the proposed three-port canonical antennas are concatenated together to form 21- and 102-port massive MIMO arrays with all radiation patterns pointing in the broadside direction. Key performance characteristics of the massive MIMO arrays, such as the Hermitian product of the simulated massive MIMO channel and mutual coupling, validate the effectiveness of the compact design.

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JF - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine

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The design of a trimodal broadside antenna element for compact massive MIMO arrays: Utilizing the Theory of Characteristic Modes

Abstract

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A low-profile wideband dual-resonance tri-port MIMO antenna

Characteristic modes – progress, overview, and emerging topics

Co-designed 3+3 port dual-band broadside tri-modal patch antenna

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