TY - JOUR
T1 - The extreme space weather event in 1903 october/november
T2 - An outburst from the quiet sun
AU - Hayakawa, Hisashi
AU - Ribeiro, Paulo
AU - Vaquero, José M.
AU - Gallego, María Cruz
AU - Knipp, Delores J.
AU - Mekhaldi, Florian
AU - Bhaskar, Ankush
AU - Oliveira, Denny M.
AU - Notsu, Yuta
AU - Carrasco, Víctor M.S.
AU - Caccavari, Ana
AU - Veenadhari, Bhaskara
AU - Mukherjee, Shyamoli
AU - Ebihara, Yusuke
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - While the Sun is generally more eruptive during its maximum and declining phases, observational evidence shows certain cases of powerful solar eruptions during the quiet phase of solar activity. Occurring in the weak Solar Cycle 14 just after its minimum, the extreme space weather event in 1903 October-November is one of these cases. Here, we reconstruct the time series of geomagnetic activity based on contemporary observational records. With the mid-latitude magnetograms, the 1903 magnetic storm is thought to be caused by a fast coronal mass ejection (≈1500 km s-1) and is regarded as a superstorm with an estimated minimum of the equivalent disturbance storm time index (Dst') of ≈-531 nT. The reconstructed time series has been compared with the equatorward extension of auroral oval (≈44. 1 in invariant latitude) and the time series of telegraphic disturbances. This case study shows that potential threats posed by extreme space weather events exist even during weak solar cycles or near their minima.
AB - While the Sun is generally more eruptive during its maximum and declining phases, observational evidence shows certain cases of powerful solar eruptions during the quiet phase of solar activity. Occurring in the weak Solar Cycle 14 just after its minimum, the extreme space weather event in 1903 October-November is one of these cases. Here, we reconstruct the time series of geomagnetic activity based on contemporary observational records. With the mid-latitude magnetograms, the 1903 magnetic storm is thought to be caused by a fast coronal mass ejection (≈1500 km s-1) and is regarded as a superstorm with an estimated minimum of the equivalent disturbance storm time index (Dst') of ≈-531 nT. The reconstructed time series has been compared with the equatorward extension of auroral oval (≈44. 1 in invariant latitude) and the time series of telegraphic disturbances. This case study shows that potential threats posed by extreme space weather events exist even during weak solar cycles or near their minima.
U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ab6a18
DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ab6a18
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85086447645
SN - 2041-8205
VL - 897
JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters
JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters
IS - 1
M1 - L10
ER -