The Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy in Europe

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the emerging Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe. The first objective is to explore different perspectives and understanding of the bio-economy and its key components. This provides the foundations for the second objective, which is to critically discuss the bio-economy in terms of positive and negative impacts as well as drivers and constraints.

Research methodology – Within the KBBE, the focus of this paper is on bioenergy, particularly biofuels for transport and the biorefinery concept. This paper is based on a literature review, discussions with European researchers and practitioners, and questionnaires of bioenergy industry associations.

Originality – This paper argues that the growing KBBE and bioenergy in Europe face a host of socio-technical issues that comprise a mix of technological, economic, social, political, environmental, regulatory and cultural aspects. This research work highlights discussion points of increasing relevance for the bio-economy, including the role of public-private networks; city-regions as drivers of the KBBE through ‘guiding visions’; and consumer-citizens and NGOs as key players in the development of the bio-economy.

Practical implications – This research work begins to explore the complexity of the KBBE. It provides insights into the emerging bio-economy in the European context and highlights topics of growing importance. The paper concludes with reflections on the bio-economy in terms of definitions, components and perspectives; visions, positives and negatives; and challenges, drivers and constraints.