The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Allafort; E. Angelakis; Magnus Axelsson; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; A. Bouvier; J. Bregeon; A. Brez; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; A. Cannon; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; E. Cavazzuti; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; S. Cutini; F. de Palma; C. D. Dermer; E. do Couto e Silva; P. S. Drell; R. Dubois; D. Dumora; L. Escande; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; W. B. Focke; P. Fortin; M. Frailis; L. Fuhrmann; Y. Fukazawa; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Gehrels; N. Giglietto; P. Giommi; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; P. Grandi; I. A. Grenier; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; S. E. Healey; G. Johannesson; A. S. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; J. Knoedlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; S. -H. Lee; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; A. Makeev; W. Max-Moerbeck; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; T. Mizuno; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; M. Naumann-Godo; S. Nishino; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; V. Pavlidou; V. Pelassa; M. Pepe; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; S. Raino; M. Razzano; A. Readhead; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; J. L. Richards; R. W. Romani; H. F. -W. Sadrozinski; J. D. Scargle; C. Sgro; E. J. Siskind; P. D. Smith; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; M. S. Strickman; D. J. Suson; H. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; G. B. Taylor; J. G. Thayer; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; E. Troja; J. Vandenbroucke; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; M. Ziegler

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, E. Angelakis, Magnus Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. BruelR. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, A. Cannon, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, S. Cutini, F. de Palma, C. D. Dermer, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, L. Escande, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, P. Fortin, M. Frailis, L. Fuhrmann, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, N. Giglietto, P. Giommi, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, P. Grandi, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, S. E. Healey, G. Johannesson, A. S. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, S. -H. Lee, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, W. Max-Moerbeck, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, J. Mehault, P. F. Michelson, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Naumann-Godo, S. Nishino, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, V. Pavlidou, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Raino, M. Razzano, A. Readhead, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, J. L. Richards, R. W. Romani, H. F. -W. Sadrozinski, J. D. Scargle, C. Sgro, E. J. Siskind, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, G. B. Taylor, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, E. Troja, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, Z. Yang, M. Ziegler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present a detailed statistical analysis of the correlation between radio and gamma-ray emission of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by Fermi during its first year of operation, with the largest data sets ever used for this purpose. We use both archival interferometric 8.4 GHz data (from the Very Large Array and ATCA, for the full sample of 599 sources) and concurrent single-dish 15 GHz measurements from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO, for a sub sample of 199 objects). Our unprecedentedly large sample permits us to assess with high accuracy the statistical significance of the correlation, using a surrogate data method designed to simultaneously account for common-distance bias and the effect of a limited dynamical range in the observed quantities. We find that the statistical significance of a positive correlation between the centimeter radio and the broadband (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray energy flux is very high for the whole AGN sample, with a probability of < 10(-7) for the correlation appearing by chance. Using the OVRO data, we find that concurrent data improve the significance of the correlation from 1.6 x 10(-6) to 9.0 x 10(-8). Our large sample size allows us to study the dependence of correlation strength and significance on specific source types and gamma-ray energy band. We find that the correlation is very significant (chance probability < 10(-7)) for both flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects separately; a dependence of the correlation strength on the considered gamma-ray energy band is also present, but additional data will be necessary to constrain its significance.

Original language	English
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	741
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30
Publication status	Published - 2011

Subject classification (UKÄ)

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Free keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
galaxies: active
galaxies: jets
gamma
rays: galaxies
radio continuum: galaxies
quasars: general

Access to Document

10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

Cite this

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Angelakis, E., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., ... Ziegler, M. (2011). The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope. Astrophysical Journal, 741(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

@article{4aee03cd11a54d9b9410f7186e9c8fb2,

title = "The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope",

abstract = "We present a detailed statistical analysis of the correlation between radio and gamma-ray emission of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by Fermi during its first year of operation, with the largest data sets ever used for this purpose. We use both archival interferometric 8.4 GHz data (from the Very Large Array and ATCA, for the full sample of 599 sources) and concurrent single-dish 15 GHz measurements from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO, for a sub sample of 199 objects). Our unprecedentedly large sample permits us to assess with high accuracy the statistical significance of the correlation, using a surrogate data method designed to simultaneously account for common-distance bias and the effect of a limited dynamical range in the observed quantities. We find that the statistical significance of a positive correlation between the centimeter radio and the broadband (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray energy flux is very high for the whole AGN sample, with a probability of < 10(-7) for the correlation appearing by chance. Using the OVRO data, we find that concurrent data improve the significance of the correlation from 1.6 x 10(-6) to 9.0 x 10(-8). Our large sample size allows us to study the dependence of correlation strength and significance on specific source types and gamma-ray energy band. We find that the correlation is very significant (chance probability < 10(-7)) for both flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects separately; a dependence of the correlation strength on the considered gamma-ray energy band is also present, but additional data will be necessary to constrain its significance.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma, rays: galaxies, radio continuum: galaxies, quasars: general",

author = "M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Allafort and E. Angelakis and Magnus Axelsson and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and R. Bellazzini and B. Berenji and Blandford, {R. D.} and Bloom, {E. D.} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, {A. W.} and A. Bouvier and J. Bregeon and A. Brez and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and S. Buson and Caliandro, {G. A.} and Cameron, {R. A.} and A. Cannon and Caraveo, {P. A.} and Casandjian, {J. M.} and E. Cavazzuti and C. Cecchi and E. Charles and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, {C. C.} and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and S. Cutini and {de Palma}, F. and Dermer, {C. D.} and {do Couto e Silva}, E. and Drell, {P. S.} and R. Dubois and D. Dumora and L. Escande and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, {S. J.} and Focke, {W. B.} and P. Fortin and M. Frailis and L. Fuhrmann and Y. Fukazawa and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and N. Gehrels and N. Giglietto and P. Giommi and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and P. Grandi and Grenier, {I. A.} and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and M. Hayashida and E. Hays and Healey, {S. E.} and G. Johannesson and Johnson, {A. S.} and T. Kamae and H. Katagiri and J. Kataoka and J. Knoedlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and Lee, {S. -H.} and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, {M. N.} and P. Lubrano and A. Makeev and W. Max-Moerbeck and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and McEnery, {J. E.} and J. Mehault and Michelson, {P. F.} and T. Mizuno and C. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, {I. V.} and S. Murgia and M. Naumann-Godo and S. Nishino and Nolan, {P. L.} and Norris, {J. P.} and E. Nuss and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and N. Omodei and E. Orlando and Ormes, {J. F.} and M. Ozaki and D. Paneque and V. Pavlidou and V. Pelassa and M. Pepe and M. Pesce-Rollins and M. Pierbattista and F. Piron and Porter, {T. A.} and S. Raino and M. Razzano and A. Readhead and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and Richards, {J. L.} and Romani, {R. W.} and Sadrozinski, {H. F. -W.} and Scargle, {J. D.} and C. Sgro and Siskind, {E. J.} and Smith, {P. D.} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and Strickman, {M. S.} and Suson, {D. J.} and H. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Taylor, {G. B.} and Thayer, {J. G.} and Thayer, {J. B.} and Thompson, {D. J.} and Torres, {D. F.} and G. Tosti and A. Tramacere and E. Troja and J. Vandenbroucke and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and Waite, {A. P.} and P. Wang and Winer, {B. L.} and Wood, {K. S.} and Z. Yang and M. Ziegler",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30",

language = "English",

volume = "741",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Allafort, A, Angelakis, E, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Cannon, A, Caraveo, PA, Casandjian, JM, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Cutini, S, de Palma, F, Dermer, CD, do Couto e Silva, E, Drell, PS, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Escande, L, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Focke, WB, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fuhrmann, L, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grandi, P, Grenier, IA, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Healey, SE, Johannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Knoedlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Lee, S-H, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Makeev, A, Max-Moerbeck, W, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Mehault, J, Michelson, PF, Mizuno, T, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Naumann-Godo, M, Nishino, S, Nolan, PL, Norris, JP, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Pavlidou, V, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pierbattista, M, Piron, F, Porter, TA, Raino, S, Razzano, M, Readhead, A, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Richards, JL, Romani, RW, Sadrozinski, HF-W, Scargle, JD, Sgro, C, Siskind, EJ, Smith, PD, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, MS, Suson, DJ, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Taylor, GB, Thayer, JG, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Torres, DF, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Troja, E, Vandenbroucke, J, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Waite, AP, Wang, P, Winer, BL, Wood, KS, Yang, Z & Ziegler, M 2011, 'The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 741, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Allafort, A.

AU - Angelakis, E.

AU - Axelsson, Magnus

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Berenji, B.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bloom, E. D.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Borgland, A. W.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Bregeon, J.

AU - Brez, A.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buehler, R.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Cannon, A.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Casandjian, J. M.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Cecchi, C.

AU - Charles, E.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - de Palma, F.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - do Couto e Silva, E.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Dubois, R.

AU - Dumora, D.

AU - Escande, L.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Focke, W. B.

AU - Fortin, P.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Fuhrmann, L.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Gehrels, N.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giommi, P.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Grandi, P.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Healey, S. E.

AU - Johannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, A. S.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Katagiri, H.

AU - Kataoka, J.

AU - Knoedlseder, J.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Lande, J.

AU - Lee, S. -H.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lott, B.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Makeev, A.

AU - Max-Moerbeck, W.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Mehault, J.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Naumann-Godo, M.

AU - Nishino, S.

AU - Nolan, P. L.

AU - Norris, J. P.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Okumura, A.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Ozaki, M.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Pavlidou, V.

AU - Pelassa, V.

AU - Pepe, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Pierbattista, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Raino, S.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Readhead, A.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Richards, J. L.

AU - Romani, R. W.

AU - Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.

AU - Scargle, J. D.

AU - Sgro, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Smith, P. D.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Strickman, M. S.

AU - Suson, D. J.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Taylor, G. B.

AU - Thayer, J. G.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Thompson, D. J.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Tramacere, A.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Vandenbroucke, J.

AU - Vianello, G.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Waite, A. P.

AU - Wang, P.

AU - Winer, B. L.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Yang, Z.

AU - Ziegler, M.

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - We present a detailed statistical analysis of the correlation between radio and gamma-ray emission of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by Fermi during its first year of operation, with the largest data sets ever used for this purpose. We use both archival interferometric 8.4 GHz data (from the Very Large Array and ATCA, for the full sample of 599 sources) and concurrent single-dish 15 GHz measurements from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO, for a sub sample of 199 objects). Our unprecedentedly large sample permits us to assess with high accuracy the statistical significance of the correlation, using a surrogate data method designed to simultaneously account for common-distance bias and the effect of a limited dynamical range in the observed quantities. We find that the statistical significance of a positive correlation between the centimeter radio and the broadband (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray energy flux is very high for the whole AGN sample, with a probability of < 10(-7) for the correlation appearing by chance. Using the OVRO data, we find that concurrent data improve the significance of the correlation from 1.6 x 10(-6) to 9.0 x 10(-8). Our large sample size allows us to study the dependence of correlation strength and significance on specific source types and gamma-ray energy band. We find that the correlation is very significant (chance probability < 10(-7)) for both flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects separately; a dependence of the correlation strength on the considered gamma-ray energy band is also present, but additional data will be necessary to constrain its significance.

AB - We present a detailed statistical analysis of the correlation between radio and gamma-ray emission of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by Fermi during its first year of operation, with the largest data sets ever used for this purpose. We use both archival interferometric 8.4 GHz data (from the Very Large Array and ATCA, for the full sample of 599 sources) and concurrent single-dish 15 GHz measurements from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO, for a sub sample of 199 objects). Our unprecedentedly large sample permits us to assess with high accuracy the statistical significance of the correlation, using a surrogate data method designed to simultaneously account for common-distance bias and the effect of a limited dynamical range in the observed quantities. We find that the statistical significance of a positive correlation between the centimeter radio and the broadband (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray energy flux is very high for the whole AGN sample, with a probability of < 10(-7) for the correlation appearing by chance. Using the OVRO data, we find that concurrent data improve the significance of the correlation from 1.6 x 10(-6) to 9.0 x 10(-8). Our large sample size allows us to study the dependence of correlation strength and significance on specific source types and gamma-ray energy band. We find that the correlation is very significant (chance probability < 10(-7)) for both flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects separately; a dependence of the correlation strength on the considered gamma-ray energy band is also present, but additional data will be necessary to constrain its significance.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - galaxies: active

KW - galaxies: jets

KW - gamma

KW - rays: galaxies

KW - radio continuum: galaxies

KW - quasars: general

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/30

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 741

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

The Radio/Gamma-Ray Connection In Active Galactic Nuclei In The Era Of The Fermi Large Area Telescope

Abstract

Subject classification (UKÄ)

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