The small RNA miR-375 - a pancreatic islet abundant miRNA with multiple roles in endocrine beta cell function

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Abstract

The pathophysiology of diabetes is complex and recent research put focus on the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the insulin-secreting beta cells as central in the development of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the small non-coding RNAs regulating post-transcriptional gene expression, are significant regulators of beta cell function. One of the most abundant miRNAs in the islets is miR-375. This review focus on the role of miR-375 in beta cell function, including effects in development and differentiation, proliferation and regulation of insulin secretion. It also discusses the regulation of miR-375 expression, miR-375 as a potential circulating biomarker in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the need for the beta cell to keep expression of miR-375 within optimal levels. The summed picture of miR-375 is a miRNA with multiple functions with importance in the formation of beta cell identity, control of beta cell mass and regulation of insulin secretion.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)95-101
JournalMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Volume456
Early online date2017 Feb 27
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2017

Subject classification (UKÄ)

  • Cell and Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology and Diabetes

Free keywords

  • Beta cell
  • Diabetes
  • Differentiation
  • Insulin
  • Insulin secretion
  • Islet of langerhans
  • MicroRNA
  • MiR-375
  • Proliferation

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