@article{8980c4e5294b45fe9ce300db727b3c2c,
title = "The World's First Real-Time Testbed for Massive MIMO: Design, Implementation, and Validation",
abstract = "This paper sets up a framework for designing a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testbed by investigating hardware and system-level requirements such as processing complexity, duplexing mode and frame structure. Taking these into account, a generic system and processing partitioning is proposed which allows flexible scaling and processing distribution onto a multitude of physically separated devices. Based on the given hardware constraints such as maximum number of links and maximum throughput for peer-to-peer interconnections combined with processing capabilities, the framework allows to evaluate available off-the-shelf hardware components. To verify our design approach, we present the Lund University Massive MIMO (LuMaMi) testbed which constitutes the first reconfigurable real-time hardware platform for prototyping massive MIMO. Utilizing up to 100 base station antennas and more than 50 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), up to 12 user equipments are served on the same time/frequency resource using an LTE-like OFDM TDD-based transmission scheme. Field trials with this system show that massive MIMO can spatially separate a multitude of users in a static indoor and static/dynamic outdoor environment.",
author = "Steffen Malkowsky and Joao Vieira and Liang Liu and Paul Harris and Karl Nieman and Nikhil Kundargi and Ian Wong and Fredrik Tufvesson and Viktor {\"O}wall and Ove Edfors",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705561",
language = "English",
pages = " 9073 -- 9088",
journal = "IEEE Access",
issn = "2169-3536",
publisher = "IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
}