TY - JOUR
T1 - Tobacco smoke and bladder cancer-in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
AU - Bjerregaard, Bine Kjoller
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Sorensen, Mette
AU - Frederiksen, Kirsten
AU - Christensen, Jane
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Chapelon, Francoise Clavel
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - Chang-Claude, Jenny
AU - Bergmann, Manuela M.
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Oikonomou, Eleni
AU - Berrino, Franco
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Peeters, Petra H. M.
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Kiemeney, Lambertus
AU - Gram, Inger Torhild
AU - Braaten, Tonje
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Gonzalez, Carlos A.
AU - Berglund, Göran
AU - Allen, Naomi
AU - Roddam, Andrew
AU - Bingham, Sheila
AU - Riboli, Elio
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and the development of bladder cancer. The study population consisted of 429,906 persons participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 633 of whom developed bladder cancer during the follow-up period. An increased risk of bladder cancer was found for both current- (incidence rate ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval: 3.07-5.09) and ex- (2.25, 1.74-2.91) smokers, compared to never-smokers. A positive association with intensity (per 5 cigarettes) was found among current-smokers (1.18, 1.09-1.28). Associations (per 5 years) were observed for duration (1.14, 1.08-1.21), later age at start (0.75, 0.66-0.85) and longer time since quitting (0.92, 0.86-0.98). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during childhood increased the risk of bladder cancer (1.38, 1.00-1.90), whereas for ETS exposure as adult no effect was detected. The present study confirms the strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. The indication of a higher risk of bladder cancer for those who start smoking at a young age and for those exposed to ETS during childhood adds to the body of evidence suggesting that children are more sensitive to carcinogens than adults. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and the development of bladder cancer. The study population consisted of 429,906 persons participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 633 of whom developed bladder cancer during the follow-up period. An increased risk of bladder cancer was found for both current- (incidence rate ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval: 3.07-5.09) and ex- (2.25, 1.74-2.91) smokers, compared to never-smokers. A positive association with intensity (per 5 cigarettes) was found among current-smokers (1.18, 1.09-1.28). Associations (per 5 years) were observed for duration (1.14, 1.08-1.21), later age at start (0.75, 0.66-0.85) and longer time since quitting (0.92, 0.86-0.98). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during childhood increased the risk of bladder cancer (1.38, 1.00-1.90), whereas for ETS exposure as adult no effect was detected. The present study confirms the strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. The indication of a higher risk of bladder cancer for those who start smoking at a young age and for those exposed to ETS during childhood adds to the body of evidence suggesting that children are more sensitive to carcinogens than adults. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW - tobacco smoke
KW - epidemiology
KW - bladder neoplasm
KW - cohort study
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.22169
DO - 10.1002/ijc.22169
M3 - Article
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 119
SP - 2412
EP - 2416
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 10
ER -
