Using contrast agents to obtain maps of regional perfusion and capillary wall permeability

Tracer kinetic modeling for quantification of perfusion and capillary wall permeability is a well-established approach, applied to various imaging modalities. In this review, methods employing intravascular as well as diffusible nonradioactive contrast agents for characterization of tissue microcirculation and microvasculature are described. The article focuses on perfusion and permeability imaging by MRI, particularly for brain applications, and the use of alternative medical imaging methods, such as CT and ultrasound, is also briefly introduced.