On the concept of "integration"

There are a number of interpretations of the concept
“integration” in Product Development (PD). Different
sources tend to use different terminologies for
describing the same phenomenon of integration, or
use the same term for different purposes. This paper
strives to capture the essence of the concept of
“integration” within a product development project
by looking for what is integrated and how integration
is established. As the intent purpose is to contribute
to a better understanding of the concept, an
extensive literature review is performed. On the basis
of current thinking, recommendations for competitive
integrated product development are explored.
A conceptual framework for the concept of integration
in product development is also provided in order
to indicate a sense of future direction. True integration
is founded upon the bridging of knowledge,
and the literature on product development needs to be
further systematized for the structuring of *Integration
mechanisms (*Im) that establish such integration.
With a holistic view of *Im, true performance
of IPD can be measured.