My interests are mainly in the field of forest ecosystems, forest vegetation and forest biogeochemistry, especially mineral nutrients, soil and water chemistry and relations to forest health. Forest vegetation, forest biomass and productivity, precipitation and throughfall in forests, dry deposition, nutritional imbalances, long-term changes in soil and vegetation, natural regeneration ecology of forest trees, nitrogen metabolism especially connected to the effects of air pollutants have all been within my sphere of interest. I have taken part in many studies related to effects on forest ecosystems and small catchments after application of lime, wood ash or nutrients. Sustainable forestry methods (silvicultural and management) have always been prioritized. During the last years I have taken part in studies related to water chemistry and human health. I have also contributed to the use of the FORSAFE-veg model, in Sweden as well as in Switzerland, France and USA.