Design and Evaluation of Compact Multi-antennas for Efficient MIMO Communications

Ruiyuan Tian

Design and Evaluation of Compact Multi-antennas for Efficient MIMO Communications

Ruiyuan Tian

Institutionen för elektro- och informationsteknik

Forskningsoutput: Avhandling › Doktorsavhandling (sammanläggning)

1568 Nedladdningar (Pure)

Sammanfattning

Popular Abstract in Swedish
Användandet av mer än en antenn för både sändare och mottagare i radiokommunikation kommer att spela en viktig roll för att uppnå den önskade dataöverföringshastigheten på upp till 1 gigabit per sekund i nästa generations kommunikationssystem. Detta eftersom tekniken, känd som multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), ger en dataöverföringshastigheten som är proportionerlig mot antalet sändar- och mottagarantenner. Den övergripande fråga som denna doktorsavhandling försöker besvara är: vilken typ av multi-antenn strukturer behöver vi i en kompakt användarterminal för att leverera ett MIMO-system med höga prestanda? Denna avhandling ger värdefulla insikter för effektiv design av multi-antenn strukturer för kompakta användarterminaler, t.ex. mobiltelefoner. I synnerhet visar våra simuleringar och experimentella resultat att man genom att kombinera olika sätt att få oberoende signaler från kommunikationskanalen (s.k. diversity mechanisms) kan använda sex sändar- och mottagarantenner och stödja upp till sex parallella dataströmmar i verkliga miljöer. Faktum är att vi har utformat, implementerat och verifierat den hittills minsta (relativt signalens våglängd) sex-antennstruktur som erbjuder en prestanda som ligger nära den teoretiska gränsen. Dessutom har en mer praktisk men lite större sex-antenn struktur, mer lämpad för integrering i kompakta enheter, också utvärderats som ett designkoncept. För att ytterligare stödja utvecklingen av multi-antenn strukturer för kompakta användarterminaler, där både kommunikationskanalen och förutsättningarna är dynamiska, undersöks i avhandlingen också möjligheten att anpassa de elektriska egenskaperna hos multi-antennstrukturer till den varierande miljön. Dessutom har det i samband med arbetet på denna avhandling upptäckts att de oftast använda presstandamåtten inte tillräckligt bra isolerar effekten av olika antennförsämringar på prestandan för MIMO-system, och heller inte visar en tydlig skillnad mellan bra och dåliga multi-antenn strukturer. Istället föreslår vi ett enkelt och intuitivt mått som klart uppfyller dessa krav. Slutligen har samverkan mellan MIMO-system inom flera sektorer av en enskild basstation utretts i ett mobilnät. Vi finner att samverkan leder till betydande prestandafördelar i sektorernas kanter, där det behövs som mest. Detta beror främst på den höga sannolikheten att de mottagna signalerna från olika sektorantenner har jämförbar amplitud, vilket tillåter MIMO-teknik att överföra flera parallella dataströmmar och på så vis öka datahastigheten.

Originalspråk	engelska
Kvalifikation	Doktor
Tilldelande institution	Institutionen för elektro- och informationsteknik
Handledare	Lau, Buon Kiong, handledare
Tilldelningsdatum	2011 nov. 29
ISBN (tryckt)	978-91-7473-186-6
Status	Published - 2011

Bibliografisk information

Defence details

Date: 2011-11-29
Time: 10:15
Place: Lecture hall E:1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering

External reviewer(s)

Name: Stancil, Daniel
Title: Professor
Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, USA

---

Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ)

Elektroteknik och elektronik

Tillgång till dokument

thesis_main_document_20111028_final_short

1 Konferenspaper i proceeding
1 Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
1 Letter

Multiplexing efficiency of MIMO antennas
Tian, R., Lau, B. K. & Ying, Z., 2011, I: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 10, s. 183-186
Forskningsoutput: Tidskriftsbidrag › Letter › Peer review

Öppen tillgång
Fil
642 Nedladdningar (Pure)
A compact six-port dielectric resonator antenna array: MIMO channel measurements and performance analysis
Tian, R., Plicanic, V., Lau, B. K. & Ying, Z., 2010, I: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 58, 4, s. 1369-1379
Forskningsoutput: Tidskriftsbidrag › Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift › Peer review

Öppen tillgång
Fil
250 Nedladdningar (Pure)
Uncoupled antenna matching for performance optimization in compact MIMO systems using unbalanced load impedance
Tian, R. & Lau, B. K., 2008, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC Spring 2008. . s. 299-303 5 s.
Forskningsoutput: Kapitel i bok/rapport/Conference proceeding › Konferenspaper i proceeding › Peer review

Öppen tillgång
Fil
194 Nedladdningar (Pure)

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@phdthesis{aaff9f1fc39d47ad8fe87c6abc3ca3e3,

title = "Design and Evaluation of Compact Multi-antennas for Efficient MIMO Communications",

abstract = "The use of multi-antenna systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology will play a key role in providing high spectrum efficiency for next generation mobile communication systems. This thesis offers valuable insights on the design of compact multi-antennas for efficient MIMO communications. In the course of the thesis work, several novel six-port antenna designs have been proposed to simultaneously exploit all six possible degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) by means of various antenna diversity mechanisms (Paper I & II). Moreover, the thesis also examines the potential of using uncoupled matching networks to adaptively optimize compact multi-antenna systems to their dynamic usage environments (Paper III). Furthermore, a simple and intuitive metric is proposed for evaluating the performance of MIMO antennas when operating in the spatial multiplexing mode (Paper IV). Last but not least, cooperation among multi-antenna systems at all three sectors of a given cellular base station is shown to deliver significant benefit at sector edges (Paper V). The thesis with five included research papers extend the understanding of MIMO systems from an antenna and propagation perspective. It provides important guidelines in designing compact and efficient MIMO antennas in their usage environments. In Paper I, a fundamental question on the number of effective DOFs in a wireless channel is explored using two co-located six-port antenna arrays. The antenna elements of both arrays closely reproduce the desired characteristics of fundamental electric and magnetic dipoles, which can efficiently extract angle and polarization diversities from the wireless channel. In particular, one of the two array designs is by far the most electrically compact six-port antenna structure in the literature. Analysis of measured channel eigenvalues in a rich multi-path scattering environment shows that six eigenchannels are successfully attained for the purpose of spatial multiplexing. To study the potential of implementing different diversity mechanisms on a practical multi-port antenna, Paper II builds on an existing dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to provide a compact six-port DRA array that jointly utilizes space, polarization and angle diversities. In order to fully substantiate the practicality of the DRA array for indoor MIMO applications, the compact DRA array together with two reference but much larger arrays were evaluated in an office scenario. The use of the compact DRA array at the receiver is shown to achieve comparable performance to that of the reference monopole array due to the DRA array's rich diversity characteristics. In Paper III, the study of uncoupled matching networks to counteract mutual coupling effects in multi-antenna systems is extended by allowing for unbalanced matching impedances. Numerical studies suggest that the unbalanced matching is especially effective for array topologies whose effective apertures can vary significantly with respect to the propagation channel. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the unbalanced matching is capable of adapting the radiation patterns of the array elements to the dynamic propagation environment. Paper IV introduces multiplexing efficiency as a performance metric which defines the loss of efficiency in decibel when using a multi-antenna prototype under test to achieve the same multiplexing performance as that of an ideal array in the same propagation environment. Its unique features are both its simplicity and the valuable insights it offers with respect to the performance impacts of different antenna impairments in multi-antenna systems. In Paper V, intrasite cooperation among three 120°-sector, each with a cross-polarized antenna pair, is investigated in a measured urban macrocellular environment. The single-user capacity improvement is found to exceed 40% at the sector edges, where improvements are most needed. In addition, a simple simulation model is developed to analyze the respective impact of antennas and specific propagation mechanisms on the measured cooperative gain.",

keywords = "antenna, propagation channel, MIMO system, wireless communication",

author = "Ruiyuan Tian",

note = "Defence details Date: 2011-11-29 Time: 10:15 Place: Lecture hall E:1406, E-building, Ole R{\"o}mers v{\"a}g 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering External reviewer(s) Name: Stancil, Daniel Title: Professor Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, USA ---",

year = "2011",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-91-7473-186-6",

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AU - Tian, Ruiyuan

N1 - Defence details Date: 2011-11-29 Time: 10:15 Place: Lecture hall E:1406, E-building, Ole Römers väg 3, Lund University, Faculty of Engineering External reviewer(s) Name: Stancil, Daniel Title: Professor Affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, USA ---

PY - 2011

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N2 - The use of multi-antenna systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology will play a key role in providing high spectrum efficiency for next generation mobile communication systems. This thesis offers valuable insights on the design of compact multi-antennas for efficient MIMO communications. In the course of the thesis work, several novel six-port antenna designs have been proposed to simultaneously exploit all six possible degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) by means of various antenna diversity mechanisms (Paper I & II). Moreover, the thesis also examines the potential of using uncoupled matching networks to adaptively optimize compact multi-antenna systems to their dynamic usage environments (Paper III). Furthermore, a simple and intuitive metric is proposed for evaluating the performance of MIMO antennas when operating in the spatial multiplexing mode (Paper IV). Last but not least, cooperation among multi-antenna systems at all three sectors of a given cellular base station is shown to deliver significant benefit at sector edges (Paper V). The thesis with five included research papers extend the understanding of MIMO systems from an antenna and propagation perspective. It provides important guidelines in designing compact and efficient MIMO antennas in their usage environments. In Paper I, a fundamental question on the number of effective DOFs in a wireless channel is explored using two co-located six-port antenna arrays. The antenna elements of both arrays closely reproduce the desired characteristics of fundamental electric and magnetic dipoles, which can efficiently extract angle and polarization diversities from the wireless channel. In particular, one of the two array designs is by far the most electrically compact six-port antenna structure in the literature. Analysis of measured channel eigenvalues in a rich multi-path scattering environment shows that six eigenchannels are successfully attained for the purpose of spatial multiplexing. To study the potential of implementing different diversity mechanisms on a practical multi-port antenna, Paper II builds on an existing dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to provide a compact six-port DRA array that jointly utilizes space, polarization and angle diversities. In order to fully substantiate the practicality of the DRA array for indoor MIMO applications, the compact DRA array together with two reference but much larger arrays were evaluated in an office scenario. The use of the compact DRA array at the receiver is shown to achieve comparable performance to that of the reference monopole array due to the DRA array's rich diversity characteristics. In Paper III, the study of uncoupled matching networks to counteract mutual coupling effects in multi-antenna systems is extended by allowing for unbalanced matching impedances. Numerical studies suggest that the unbalanced matching is especially effective for array topologies whose effective apertures can vary significantly with respect to the propagation channel. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the unbalanced matching is capable of adapting the radiation patterns of the array elements to the dynamic propagation environment. Paper IV introduces multiplexing efficiency as a performance metric which defines the loss of efficiency in decibel when using a multi-antenna prototype under test to achieve the same multiplexing performance as that of an ideal array in the same propagation environment. Its unique features are both its simplicity and the valuable insights it offers with respect to the performance impacts of different antenna impairments in multi-antenna systems. In Paper V, intrasite cooperation among three 120°-sector, each with a cross-polarized antenna pair, is investigated in a measured urban macrocellular environment. The single-user capacity improvement is found to exceed 40% at the sector edges, where improvements are most needed. In addition, a simple simulation model is developed to analyze the respective impact of antennas and specific propagation mechanisms on the measured cooperative gain.

AB - The use of multi-antenna systems with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology will play a key role in providing high spectrum efficiency for next generation mobile communication systems. This thesis offers valuable insights on the design of compact multi-antennas for efficient MIMO communications. In the course of the thesis work, several novel six-port antenna designs have been proposed to simultaneously exploit all six possible degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) by means of various antenna diversity mechanisms (Paper I & II). Moreover, the thesis also examines the potential of using uncoupled matching networks to adaptively optimize compact multi-antenna systems to their dynamic usage environments (Paper III). Furthermore, a simple and intuitive metric is proposed for evaluating the performance of MIMO antennas when operating in the spatial multiplexing mode (Paper IV). Last but not least, cooperation among multi-antenna systems at all three sectors of a given cellular base station is shown to deliver significant benefit at sector edges (Paper V). The thesis with five included research papers extend the understanding of MIMO systems from an antenna and propagation perspective. It provides important guidelines in designing compact and efficient MIMO antennas in their usage environments. In Paper I, a fundamental question on the number of effective DOFs in a wireless channel is explored using two co-located six-port antenna arrays. The antenna elements of both arrays closely reproduce the desired characteristics of fundamental electric and magnetic dipoles, which can efficiently extract angle and polarization diversities from the wireless channel. In particular, one of the two array designs is by far the most electrically compact six-port antenna structure in the literature. Analysis of measured channel eigenvalues in a rich multi-path scattering environment shows that six eigenchannels are successfully attained for the purpose of spatial multiplexing. To study the potential of implementing different diversity mechanisms on a practical multi-port antenna, Paper II builds on an existing dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to provide a compact six-port DRA array that jointly utilizes space, polarization and angle diversities. In order to fully substantiate the practicality of the DRA array for indoor MIMO applications, the compact DRA array together with two reference but much larger arrays were evaluated in an office scenario. The use of the compact DRA array at the receiver is shown to achieve comparable performance to that of the reference monopole array due to the DRA array's rich diversity characteristics. In Paper III, the study of uncoupled matching networks to counteract mutual coupling effects in multi-antenna systems is extended by allowing for unbalanced matching impedances. Numerical studies suggest that the unbalanced matching is especially effective for array topologies whose effective apertures can vary significantly with respect to the propagation channel. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the unbalanced matching is capable of adapting the radiation patterns of the array elements to the dynamic propagation environment. Paper IV introduces multiplexing efficiency as a performance metric which defines the loss of efficiency in decibel when using a multi-antenna prototype under test to achieve the same multiplexing performance as that of an ideal array in the same propagation environment. Its unique features are both its simplicity and the valuable insights it offers with respect to the performance impacts of different antenna impairments in multi-antenna systems. In Paper V, intrasite cooperation among three 120°-sector, each with a cross-polarized antenna pair, is investigated in a measured urban macrocellular environment. The single-user capacity improvement is found to exceed 40% at the sector edges, where improvements are most needed. In addition, a simple simulation model is developed to analyze the respective impact of antennas and specific propagation mechanisms on the measured cooperative gain.

KW - antenna

KW - propagation channel

KW - MIMO system

KW - wireless communication

M3 - Doctoral Thesis (compilation)

SN - 978-91-7473-186-6

ER -

Design and Evaluation of Compact Multi-antennas for Efficient MIMO Communications

Sammanfattning

Bibliografisk information

Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ)

Tillgång till dokument

Fingeravtryck

Forskningsoutput

Multiplexing efficiency of MIMO antennas

A compact six-port dielectric resonator antenna array: MIMO channel measurements and performance analysis

Uncoupled antenna matching for performance optimization in compact MIMO systems using unbalanced load impedance

Citera det här