Geographical Differences in the Perspective of Osteoarthritis Care Management: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy, Sweden and Russia

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the awareness, experiences, and beliefs of individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) regarding their healthcare management, along with assessing their overall satisfaction levels.

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Italy, Sweden, and Russia, rigorously developed based on OA international guidelines in collaboration with healthcare professionals and individuals with OA. Participants over 40 years of age with self-reported hip and/or knee OA were eligible. The analytical framework included descriptive analysis (assessment of awareness levels for 'recommended', 'optional', and 'not recommended' treatments), analysis of suggested treatments and taken treatments, exploration of beliefs, barriers and satisfaction analysis (0-100 scale).

RESULTS: A total of 401 participants (mean age: 59.7, 78.3% female, 28% Italian, 49% Swedish, 23% Russian) contributed to the study. In Sweden, 57%-72% accurately identified recommended treatments, while in Russia, the range was 34%-91%, and in Italy, it was 35%-73%. The predominant suggested and taken treatments were oral anti-inflammatory drugs in Italy (87/81%) and Russia (97/97%) and specific exercise in Sweden (84/79%). Notably, only Sweden reached a consensus on the effectiveness of exercise for everyone, while Russia and Italy insisted on radiographic findings as a prerequisite for exercise. Mean satisfaction levels were 59.7 (Italy), 47.4 (Sweden), and 35.2 (Russia).

CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovered variations in awareness, treatment preferences, and beliefs among the three countries, underscoring the necessity for tailored education on OA management that accounts for regional differences across Europe.