Measures reducing travel by public transport during peak hours

Generally, the cost of public transport has increased. Previous research has identified peak hour traffic as the main cost driver, mostly because the travel demand increases the number of vehicles and drivers needed. The purpose of this study is to identify measures aiming to reduce travel with public transport during peak hours, conducted through a semi-systematic literature review. The measures found were fare price differentiation, rewards, information regarding vehicle crowding, staggered school hours, flexible working hours, and working remotely. No studies of soft measures (e.g., campaigns and travel advice) for transport demand management were found. The results indicate that commuters with flexible working hours might have limiting factors that affect their ability to change departure time, for example, activities in connection to work and family responsibilities.