Modulation of invasive properties of murine squamous carcinoma cells by heterologous expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C

Murine SCC-VII squamous carcinoma cells have the capacity
to penetrate reconstituted basement membranes (Matrigel)
in vitro. The invasion of Matrigel layers by SCC-VII cells
was significantly reduced by E-64, a specific inhibitor of
lysosomal cysteine proteinases. The cathepsin-B-selective
E-64 derivative, CA-074, inhibited penetration of Matrigel by SCC-VII cells to the same extent, indicating a major role for this particular lysosomal enzyme in extracellular-matrix degradation during squamous-carcinoma-cell invasion. SCC-VII cells were stably transfected with a cDNA encoding human procathepsin B, in an attempt to modulate the invasive properties of the cell line. The transfected cells expressed the heterologous gene, secreted increased amounts of procathepsin B and displayed enhanced invasive potential. In vivo, the
activity of cathepsin B is strictly regulated by endogenous
inhibitors. SCC-VII cells were therefore also stably transfected with a cDNA encoding human cystatin C, the most
potent cysteine-proteinase inhibitor in mammalian tissues.
The expression of this transgene resulted in the production of active recombinant cystatin C and a pronounced reduction in Matrigel invasion. These studies demonstrate that the invasive properties of squamous-cell carcinomas can be changed by modulation of the balance between cathepsin B and its endogenous inhibitors, and provide further evidence for the involvement of this lysosomal cysteine proteinase in tumour invasion and metastasis.