Recent Extraction Techniques with Emphasis on Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction

Cecilia Sparr Eskilsson

Recent Extraction Techniques with Emphasis on Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction

Cecilia Sparr Eskilsson

Centrum för analys och syntes

Forskningsoutput: Avhandling › Doktorsavhandling (sammanläggning)

Sammanfattning

Popular Abstract in Swedish
För att kunna mäta ett ämnes halt i ett prov behövs en analysmetod. Det första steget i en analysmetod innefattar provupparbetning. Med det menas att ämnet man vill mäta halten av avskiljs (extraheras) från provet med någon sorts extraktionsteknik. I laboratorier världen över görs dagligen många analytiska extraktioner. Det kan handla om t.ex. livsmedelsanalyser, miljöanalyser eller medicinska analyser. I de flesta laboratorier utförs analyserna med extraktionstekniker, som är mycket tidskrävande (vanligtvis 3-48 timmar) och som förbrukar stora mängder organiska lösningsmedel (upp till 0,5 l per prov). Dessa äldre tekniker där vissa har använts under mer än 100 år, behöver idag ersättas. Dagens krav på snabba, pålitliga och selektiva analysmetoder tillsammans med förbud av användning av vissa lösningsmedel, samt kravet på att avfallshantera förbrukade lösningsmedel, har lett till utveckling av moderna extraktionstekniker. Dessa innefattar överkritisk vätskeextraktion (eng. Supercritical fluid extraction), vätskeextraktion med uppvärming med hjälp av mikrovågor (eng. Microwave-assisted extraction) och trycksatt vätskeextraktion (eng. Pressurized liquid extraction). Gemensamt för dessa extraktionstekniker är att de utförs vid förhöjt tryck och temperatur. Detta medför ökad frisättningshastighet av de ämnen man vill mäta och därmed en snabbare extraktion med extraktionstider på mellan 10 minuter och 1 timme. Med dessa nya tekniker kan samtidigt konsumtionen av hälsofarliga, organiska lösningsmedel minskas drastiskt. Det kan räcka med 2-100 ml lösningsmedel per prov. Några av teknikerna är ännu mer miljövänliga där koldioxid eller vatten används som lösningsmedel. I mitt avhandlingsarbete har analysmetoder baserade på en eller flera moderna extraktionstekniker utvecklats för några olika ämnen och prover såsom bestämning av bekämpningsmedel i industriellt damm (artikel I & VII), cancerogena aminer i läder som bildas då azofärger bryts ner (artikel II & VI), alkylfenoler i vattenprover (artikel III), den verksamma substansen i ett läkemedel (artikel IV) och toxin i vete och majs (artikel V). I alla arbeten visas att de moderna extraktionsteknikerna är snabbare, kräver mindre mängder lösningsmedel, samt är lika eller mer effektiva än de traditionella teknikerna. Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att moderna extraktionstekniker bör användas i framtiden för rutinanalyser.

Originalspråk	engelska
Kvalifikation	Doktor
Tilldelande institution	Centrum för analys och syntes
Handledare	[unknown], [unknown], handledare, Extern person
Tilldelningsdatum	2003 maj 3
Förlag	Cecilia Sparr Eskilsson, Analytical Chemistry, Lund University
ISBN (tryckt)	91-628-5626-X
Status	Published - 2003

Bibliografisk information

Defence details

Date: 2003-05-03
Time: 10:15
Place: Hall B at Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund

External reviewer(s)

Name: Chester, Thomas L.
Title: Dr
Affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, USA

---

Article: 1. Supercritical fluid extraction of the pesticides carbosulfan and imidacloprid from process dust wasteC. Sparr Eskilsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48, 5159-5164.

Article: 2. Inherent possibilities of improving recovery and selectivity using a long solid phase trap in analytical supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, C. Turner, A. Esbjörnsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Separation Science 2001, 24, 297-303.

Article: 3. Direct supercritical fluid extraction of alkylphenols from spiked and waste water samples using extraction cells equipped with hydrophobic membrane-assembliesC. Sparr Eskilsson, A. Ågren, E. Björklund, L. Mathiassonmanuscript

Article: 4. Microwave-assisted extraction of felodipine tabletsC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Björklund, L. Mathiasson, L. Karlsson, A. TorstenssonJournal of Chromatography A 1999, 840, 59-70.

Article: 5. Microwave-assisted extraction of zearalenone from wheat and cornL. Pallaroni, C. von Holst, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundAnalytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2002, 374, 161-166.

Article: 6. Harmful azo colorants in leather. Determination based on their cleavage and extraction of corresponding carcinogenic aromatic amines using modern extraction techniquesC. Sparr Eskilsson, R. Davidsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 955, 215-227.

Article: 7. Pressurized hot water extraction of insecticides from process dust. Comparison with supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, K. Hartonen, L. Mathiasson, M.-L. Riekkolasubmitted to Journal of Separation Science in February 2003.

Article: Appendix:

Article: 8. Collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extractionC. Turner, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 947, 1-22.

Article: 9. Analytical scale microwave-assisted extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundJournal of Chromatography A 2000, 902, 227-250.

The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015.
The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)

Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ)

Analytisk kemi

Citera det här

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title = "Recent Extraction Techniques with Emphasis on Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction",

abstract = "Today{\textquoteright}s requirements of fast, reliable and selective analytical methods with minimal usage of organic solvents have accelerated the development of new, automated extraction techniques. In this thesis recent extraction techniques with emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were investigated. Different environmental and industrial applications such as extraction of pesticides from process dust, active compounds in pharmaceutical tablets, mycotoxins in cereals and aromatic amines released from azo dyes in leather have been studied to outline advantages and limitations of the techniques. In all cases the extraction efficiencies were similar or better, solvent usage reduced and extraction times shortened compared to traditional extraction techniques such as sonication and liquid-solid extraction (shaking) procedures. Even though recent extraction techniques in most cases are superior to the conventional techniques, they differ in terms of selectivity, simplicity and sample throughput as discussed in this thesis. By utilizing an elongated trap in SFE further selectivity in the collection step was achieved for extractions of aromatic amines and for separation of fat-soluble vitamins from lipids. Devices to perform direct SFE of liquid samples were tested, resulting in a selective extraction of alkylphenols from real waste water samples. Furthermore, a fractionated MAE procedure including a reaction/extraction step was developed for the determination of amines after reductive cleavage of azo dyes in leather. A variant of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) that utilizes water as extracting media is pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). This technique was investigated for extraction of pesticides from process dust and obtained results were compared with results obtained using SFE. With better understanding of the characteristics of the recent techniques, conventional techniques can in most cases be replaced. In the future it is anticipated that combinations of different extraction techniques will appear in a single analytical method, where the inherent advantages of each technique are utilized. This was here demonstrated , where leather samples were degreased using SFE and further treated using MAE.",

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author = "{Sparr Eskilsson}, Cecilia",

note = "Defence details Date: 2003-05-03 Time: 10:15 Place: Hall B at Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund External reviewer(s) Name: Chester, Thomas L. Title: Dr Affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, USA --- Article: 1. Supercritical fluid extraction of the pesticides carbosulfan and imidacloprid from process dust wasteC. Sparr Eskilsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48, 5159-5164. Article: 2. Inherent possibilities of improving recovery and selectivity using a long solid phase trap in analytical supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, C. Turner, A. Esbj{\"o}rnsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Separation Science 2001, 24, 297-303. Article: 3. Direct supercritical fluid extraction of alkylphenols from spiked and waste water samples using extraction cells equipped with hydrophobic membrane-assembliesC. Sparr Eskilsson, A. {\AA}gren, E. Bj{\"o}rklund, L. Mathiassonmanuscript Article: 4. Microwave-assisted extraction of felodipine tabletsC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Bj{\"o}rklund, L. Mathiasson, L. Karlsson, A. TorstenssonJournal of Chromatography A 1999, 840, 59-70. Article: 5. Microwave-assisted extraction of zearalenone from wheat and cornL. Pallaroni, C. von Holst, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Bj{\"o}rklundAnalytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2002, 374, 161-166. Article: 6. Harmful azo colorants in leather. Determination based on their cleavage and extraction of corresponding carcinogenic aromatic amines using modern extraction techniquesC. Sparr Eskilsson, R. Davidsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 955, 215-227. Article: 7. Pressurized hot water extraction of insecticides from process dust. Comparison with supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, K. Hartonen, L. Mathiasson, M.-L. Riekkolasubmitted to Journal of Separation Science in February 2003. Article: Appendix: Article: 8. Collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extractionC. Turner, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Bj{\"o}rklundJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 947, 1-22. Article: 9. Analytical scale microwave-assisted extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Bj{\"o}rklundJournal of Chromatography A 2000, 902, 227-250. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)",

year = "2003",

language = "English",

isbn = "91-628-5626-X",

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school = "Centre for Analysis and Synthesis",

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TY - THES

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AU - Sparr Eskilsson, Cecilia

N1 - Defence details Date: 2003-05-03 Time: 10:15 Place: Hall B at Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund External reviewer(s) Name: Chester, Thomas L. Title: Dr Affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, USA --- Article: 1. Supercritical fluid extraction of the pesticides carbosulfan and imidacloprid from process dust wasteC. Sparr Eskilsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48, 5159-5164. Article: 2. Inherent possibilities of improving recovery and selectivity using a long solid phase trap in analytical supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, C. Turner, A. Esbjörnsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Separation Science 2001, 24, 297-303. Article: 3. Direct supercritical fluid extraction of alkylphenols from spiked and waste water samples using extraction cells equipped with hydrophobic membrane-assembliesC. Sparr Eskilsson, A. Ågren, E. Björklund, L. Mathiassonmanuscript Article: 4. Microwave-assisted extraction of felodipine tabletsC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. Björklund, L. Mathiasson, L. Karlsson, A. TorstenssonJournal of Chromatography A 1999, 840, 59-70. Article: 5. Microwave-assisted extraction of zearalenone from wheat and cornL. Pallaroni, C. von Holst, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundAnalytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2002, 374, 161-166. Article: 6. Harmful azo colorants in leather. Determination based on their cleavage and extraction of corresponding carcinogenic aromatic amines using modern extraction techniquesC. Sparr Eskilsson, R. Davidsson, L. MathiassonJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 955, 215-227. Article: 7. Pressurized hot water extraction of insecticides from process dust. Comparison with supercritical fluid extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, K. Hartonen, L. Mathiasson, M.-L. Riekkolasubmitted to Journal of Separation Science in February 2003. Article: Appendix: Article: 8. Collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extractionC. Turner, C. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundJournal of Chromatography A 2002, 947, 1-22. Article: 9. Analytical scale microwave-assisted extractionC. Sparr Eskilsson, E. BjörklundJournal of Chromatography A 2000, 902, 227-250. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)

PY - 2003

Y1 - 2003

N2 - Today’s requirements of fast, reliable and selective analytical methods with minimal usage of organic solvents have accelerated the development of new, automated extraction techniques. In this thesis recent extraction techniques with emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were investigated. Different environmental and industrial applications such as extraction of pesticides from process dust, active compounds in pharmaceutical tablets, mycotoxins in cereals and aromatic amines released from azo dyes in leather have been studied to outline advantages and limitations of the techniques. In all cases the extraction efficiencies were similar or better, solvent usage reduced and extraction times shortened compared to traditional extraction techniques such as sonication and liquid-solid extraction (shaking) procedures. Even though recent extraction techniques in most cases are superior to the conventional techniques, they differ in terms of selectivity, simplicity and sample throughput as discussed in this thesis. By utilizing an elongated trap in SFE further selectivity in the collection step was achieved for extractions of aromatic amines and for separation of fat-soluble vitamins from lipids. Devices to perform direct SFE of liquid samples were tested, resulting in a selective extraction of alkylphenols from real waste water samples. Furthermore, a fractionated MAE procedure including a reaction/extraction step was developed for the determination of amines after reductive cleavage of azo dyes in leather. A variant of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) that utilizes water as extracting media is pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). This technique was investigated for extraction of pesticides from process dust and obtained results were compared with results obtained using SFE. With better understanding of the characteristics of the recent techniques, conventional techniques can in most cases be replaced. In the future it is anticipated that combinations of different extraction techniques will appear in a single analytical method, where the inherent advantages of each technique are utilized. This was here demonstrated , where leather samples were degreased using SFE and further treated using MAE.

AB - Today’s requirements of fast, reliable and selective analytical methods with minimal usage of organic solvents have accelerated the development of new, automated extraction techniques. In this thesis recent extraction techniques with emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were investigated. Different environmental and industrial applications such as extraction of pesticides from process dust, active compounds in pharmaceutical tablets, mycotoxins in cereals and aromatic amines released from azo dyes in leather have been studied to outline advantages and limitations of the techniques. In all cases the extraction efficiencies were similar or better, solvent usage reduced and extraction times shortened compared to traditional extraction techniques such as sonication and liquid-solid extraction (shaking) procedures. Even though recent extraction techniques in most cases are superior to the conventional techniques, they differ in terms of selectivity, simplicity and sample throughput as discussed in this thesis. By utilizing an elongated trap in SFE further selectivity in the collection step was achieved for extractions of aromatic amines and for separation of fat-soluble vitamins from lipids. Devices to perform direct SFE of liquid samples were tested, resulting in a selective extraction of alkylphenols from real waste water samples. Furthermore, a fractionated MAE procedure including a reaction/extraction step was developed for the determination of amines after reductive cleavage of azo dyes in leather. A variant of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) that utilizes water as extracting media is pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). This technique was investigated for extraction of pesticides from process dust and obtained results were compared with results obtained using SFE. With better understanding of the characteristics of the recent techniques, conventional techniques can in most cases be replaced. In the future it is anticipated that combinations of different extraction techniques will appear in a single analytical method, where the inherent advantages of each technique are utilized. This was here demonstrated , where leather samples were degreased using SFE and further treated using MAE.

KW - Analytisk kemi

KW - Analytical chemistry

KW - Pressurized hot water extraction

KW - Pressurized liquid extraction

KW - Microwave-assisted extraction

KW - Recent extraction techniques

KW - Supercritical fluid extraction

M3 - Doctoral Thesis (compilation)

SN - 91-628-5626-X

PB - Cecilia Sparr Eskilsson, Analytical Chemistry, Lund University

ER -

Recent Extraction Techniques with Emphasis on Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction

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Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ)

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