The effects of virtual reality (VR) on clinical skills training in undergraduate radiography education: A systematic review

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective was to map the impact on confidence and performance on radiographic examinations among undergraduate radiography students utilizing virtual reality (VR). The secondary objective was to identify potential pitfalls to avoid in future VR implementation.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, which included comprehensive search in nine databases. The software Covidence was used for screening. Nine studies were included after quality assurance using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Data extraction consisted of participant characteristics, study design, relevant statistical results, study limitations, and conclusions. Key findings were summarized in a systematic synthesis.

RESULTS: VR compared to traditional skills training provides an advantage in students' assessed performance in both equipment and patient positioning, as well as self-reported confidence within equipment positioning, selection of exposure parameters, and radiation safety. For successful outcome, factors to consider were the size of the VR room, VR tutorials, the length of the VR-session, a realistic VR environment, feedback from the VR system, and the opportunity to interact with patients, both verbally and palpatory.

CONCLUSION: VR is a feasible tool, providing students with a safe, engaging, and controlled environment. Students may apply their theoretical knowledge into real-life scenarios, which develop students' clinical skills, critical thinking, and decision-making abilities.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Although VR has shown positive effects, VR alone does not guarantee increased performance and confidence in students. Research within this field is deficient, hence further research is needed to confirm the effect of VR, preferably case-control or randomized studies.