Thermal biosensor and microbiosensor techniques

This chapter describes principles and features of thermal biosensors and microbiosensors and includes a discussion of different thermal transducers. A number of instrumental concepts are described in detail from larger flow injection instruments to miniaturized devices and chip designs with thermal arrays. A thermal–electrochemical hybrid sensor is also presented. The chapter contains many descriptions of actual assays from different fields, such as process and in vivo monitoring, multianalyte determination, operation in organic solvents, and environmental analysis.