TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrafine particle emissions from dry clutches
T2 - number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition
AU - Hjelm, Rikard
AU - Lyu, Yezhe
AU - Mancini, Alessandro
AU - Tsyupa, Bozhena
AU - Tu, Minghui
AU - Olofsson, Ulf
AU - Wahlström, Jens
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Non-exhaust sources, such as brakes, tyres, roads, and clutches, emit a large portion of airborne particles in road transportation, from ultrafine to coarse sizes. While airborne wear particle emissions from brakes and road-tyre contacts have been studied extensively, emissions from clutches have been overlooked. A preliminary study using a novel test rig has indicated that dry clutches also emit airborne wear particles. This paper presents a multi-method for the assessment of ultrafine particles from dry clutches regarding the number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. The results show that ultrafine particles are emitted both during run-in and at the steady state, featuring a bi-modal size distribution. Elementary analysis shows that the particles consist of several elements, predominately iron, silicon, and sulfur. It can be concluded from this study that ultrafine particles are always generated when the clutch is operated.
AB - Non-exhaust sources, such as brakes, tyres, roads, and clutches, emit a large portion of airborne particles in road transportation, from ultrafine to coarse sizes. While airborne wear particle emissions from brakes and road-tyre contacts have been studied extensively, emissions from clutches have been overlooked. A preliminary study using a novel test rig has indicated that dry clutches also emit airborne wear particles. This paper presents a multi-method for the assessment of ultrafine particles from dry clutches regarding the number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. The results show that ultrafine particles are emitted both during run-in and at the steady state, featuring a bi-modal size distribution. Elementary analysis shows that the particles consist of several elements, predominately iron, silicon, and sulfur. It can be concluded from this study that ultrafine particles are always generated when the clutch is operated.
U2 - 10.1039/d3ea00127j
DO - 10.1039/d3ea00127j
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85179162559
SN - 2634-3606
VL - 4
SP - 35
EP - 42
JO - Environmental Science: Atmospheres
JF - Environmental Science: Atmospheres
IS - 1
ER -