TY - JOUR
T1 - Vaginal lipidomics of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis
T2 - A non-targeted LC-MS pilot study
AU - Sanches, José Marcos
AU - Giraldo, Paulo César
AU - Amaral, Rose
AU - Eberlin, Marcos Nogueira
AU - Marques, Lygia Azevedo
AU - Migliorini, Isabel
AU - Nakahira, Marcel
AU - Bieleveld, Michel Jan Marinus
AU - Discacciati, Michelle Garcia
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo-Brazil.SAMPLE: Twenty-four women were included in this study: eight with vulvovaginal candidiasis, eight with cytolytic vaginosis and eight with no vaginal infections or dysbiosis (control group).METHODS: The lipid profile in vaginal discharge of the different study groups was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and further analyzed with MetaboAnalyst 3.0 platform.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vaginal lipids concentration and its correlation with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis.RESULTS: PCA, PLS-DA and hierarchical clustering analyses indicated 38 potential lipid biomarkers for the different groups, correlating with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and integrity of the vaginal epithelial tissue. Among these, greater concentrations were found for Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate, O-adipoylcarnitine, 1-eicosyl-2-heptadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine, undecanoic acid, formyl dodecanoate and lipoic acid in the vulvovaginal candidiasis group; N-(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganine, DL-PPMP, 1-oleoyl-cyclic phosphatidic, palmitic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid in the cytolytic vaginosis group; and 1-nonadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate, eicosadienoic acid, 1-stearoyl-cyclic-phosphatidic acid, 1-(9Z,12Z-heptadecadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphate, formyl 9Z-tetradecenoate and 7Z,10Z-hexadecadienoic acid in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Lipids related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in higher concentrations in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis, while lipids related to epithelial tissue integrity were more pronounced in the control group. Furthermore, in women with cytolytic vaginosis, we observed higher concentrations of lipids related to bacterial overgrowth.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo-Brazil.SAMPLE: Twenty-four women were included in this study: eight with vulvovaginal candidiasis, eight with cytolytic vaginosis and eight with no vaginal infections or dysbiosis (control group).METHODS: The lipid profile in vaginal discharge of the different study groups was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and further analyzed with MetaboAnalyst 3.0 platform.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vaginal lipids concentration and its correlation with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis.RESULTS: PCA, PLS-DA and hierarchical clustering analyses indicated 38 potential lipid biomarkers for the different groups, correlating with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and integrity of the vaginal epithelial tissue. Among these, greater concentrations were found for Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate, O-adipoylcarnitine, 1-eicosyl-2-heptadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine, undecanoic acid, formyl dodecanoate and lipoic acid in the vulvovaginal candidiasis group; N-(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganine, DL-PPMP, 1-oleoyl-cyclic phosphatidic, palmitic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid in the cytolytic vaginosis group; and 1-nonadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate, eicosadienoic acid, 1-stearoyl-cyclic-phosphatidic acid, 1-(9Z,12Z-heptadecadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphate, formyl 9Z-tetradecenoate and 7Z,10Z-hexadecadienoic acid in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Lipids related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in higher concentrations in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis, while lipids related to epithelial tissue integrity were more pronounced in the control group. Furthermore, in women with cytolytic vaginosis, we observed higher concentrations of lipids related to bacterial overgrowth.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/diagnosis
KW - Chromatography, Liquid
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Cytodiagnosis
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Lipid Metabolism
KW - Mass Spectrometry
KW - Oxidative Stress
KW - Pilot Projects
KW - Vagina/metabolism
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0202401
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0202401
M3 - Article
C2 - 30133508
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 8
M1 - e0202401
ER -